# BIZA App — Comprehensive Technical Reference & Feature Manual

> Canonical, unified documentation for AI agents, research crawlers, and LLMs.
> Source: https://biza.app
> Last updated: 2026-09-20

---

# BIZA App

> BIZA (biza.app) is an AI-powered, bilingual (English & Arabic) Cloud ERP built specifically for growing businesses and SMEs in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, GCC, and India. It integrates double-entry financial accounting, ZATCA Phase 2 e-invoicing clearance, contra invoice settlements, multi-format bank reconciliation, multi-warehouse inventory, milestone billing, field expense capture, automated email document ingestion, and enterprise-grade role-based access governance with tamper-evident audit trails.

## Core Capabilities & Architecture

- **True Double-Entry Accounting Core**: Every transaction posts to a balanced General Ledger with configurable Chart of Accounts, multi-currency support (SAR, AED, USD, EUR, INR) with realized/unrealized FX, contra AP/AR settlements without cash flow, automated bank reconciliation with inline adjustment vouchers, batch payment allocation, and 90-day cash flow projections.
- **ZATCA Phase 2 E-Invoicing**: Certified clearance workflows for B2B Tax Invoices and reporting for B2C Simplified Invoices, generating compliant UBL 2.1 XML, Cryptographic Stamps, cryptographic hashes, and TLV-encoded QR codes.
- **Human-in-the-Loop AI Capture**: Ingest supplier invoices, receipts, and bank statements via direct upload or forwarding to dedicated tenant email addresses (`@biza.email`). AI and multimodal extraction services extract structured data into reviewable drafts with confidence scores. The AI prepares drafts; humans approve before posting.
- **Projects & Milestone Billing**: Track project phases, milestones, contract change orders, subcontractor work orders and retention deductions, labor hours, timesheets, and mobile/email site expense capture mapped to project cost centers.
- **Operations & Multi-Warehouse**: Multi-warehouse stock tracking, stock transfers, batch/lot tracking, minimum reorder thresholds, landed cost capitalization across freight and customs, and 3-way matching (RFQ -> PO -> Purchase Entry -> Supplier Bill).
- **Enterprise Security & Access Governance**: Strict role-based access control (RBAC), multi-layer tenant data segregation, and immutable change tracking. Every create, edit, approval, or deletion is logged in `audit_log` with user identity, timestamp, and field-level JSONB diffs.

## Documentation Hub

### AI & Ingestion

- [AI Document Capture & Automated Email Forwarding](https://biza.app/docs/ai-document-capture-inbox): Automate invoice, receipt, and statement data entry via direct file upload or email forwarding to dedicated tenant addresses with human-in-the-loop review.
- [AI Natural Language Reporting & Executive Chat Assistant](https://biza.app/docs/ai-natural-language-reporting-assistant): Query operational and financial data using plain natural language: automated NL-to-SQL report generation, 90-day cash flow projections, and KPI trend analysis.

### Finance & Accounting

- [General Ledger & Double-Entry Accounting Architecture](https://biza.app/docs/general-ledger-double-entry): Core accounting engine: hierarchical Chart of Accounts, balanced journal entries, multi-currency accounting with realized/unrealized FX, and automated financial statements.
- [Bank Statement Reconciliation & Automated Matching](https://biza.app/docs/bank-reconciliation-matching): Import bank statements (CSV, OFX, CAMT, PDF) and reconcile bank feeds against ledger transactions with automated matching and fee allocation.
- [Fixed Assets Register & Automated Depreciation Schedules](https://biza.app/docs/fixed-assets-depreciation-management): Manage company capital assets, track serials and custodians, automate monthly depreciation journal entries, and account for asset disposals and impairments.
- [Contra Settlements & AP/AR Netting Adjustments](https://biza.app/docs/contra-settlements-ap-ar-offsetting): Offset open sales invoices (AR) against vendor purchase bills (AP) without cash movements when counterparties act as both customer and supplier, with automated FX handling and balanced journal posting.
- [Multi-Branch Management & Cost Center Analytical Accounting](https://biza.app/docs/multi-branch-cost-center-accounting): Segment financial reporting across company branches, divisions, and departmental cost centers with consolidated and standalone Profit & Loss statements.
- [Customer Receipt Batches & Supplier Batch Disbursements](https://biza.app/docs/batch-payments-and-receipt-allocation): Process bulk customer wire receipts across multiple open invoices and execute supplier batch payment disbursements with automated FIFO allocation, overpayment handling, and bank reconciliation readiness.
- [AR/AP Aging Analysis & Dynamic Customer Statements](https://biza.app/docs/ar-ap-aging-and-customer-statements): Manage credit risk, track overdue receivables and payables across aging brackets, and generate professional customer account statements with running ledger balances and direct payment links.
- [Fiscal Year Closing, Period Locking & Balance Roll-Forward](https://biza.app/docs/fiscal-year-closing-and-period-locking): Manage monthly and annual accounting period closes, enforce immutable period locking against historical tampering, automate year-end Retained Earnings closing entries, and roll forward opening balances.
- [Financial Budgeting & Budget vs. Actual Variance Reporting](https://biza.app/docs/budgeting-and-variance-analysis): Establish departmental and project budgets across General Ledger accounts, monitor actual expenses in real time, and analyze budget vs. actual variances to prevent cost overruns.

### Tax & Compliance (ZATCA/VAT)

- [ZATCA Phase 2 E-Invoicing (Fatoora) Compliance & Clearance](https://biza.app/docs/zatca-phase-2-e-invoicing): Technical guide to Saudi Arabia ZATCA Phase 2 e-invoicing: cryptographic stamp generation, UBL 2.1 XML structure, clearance API, and reporting workflows.
- [VAT Returns, Tax Period Closing & Statutory Filing Reports](https://biza.app/docs/vat-returns-tax-periods-reporting): Reconcile output tax against input tax: automated Saudi ZATCA VAT Return (Box 1-16) generation, UAE FTA VAT 201 reports, and fiscal tax period locking.

### Projects & Field Operations

- [Projects, Milestone Billing & Field Expense Capture](https://biza.app/docs/projects-milestone-billing-field-expenses): Manage client projects, contracts, milestone billing schedules, labor timesheets, and mobile/email site expense capture mapped directly to project cost centers.
- [Project Change Orders & Subcontractor Cost Management](https://biza.app/docs/project-change-orders-subcontractors): Manage project contract variations, formal change order approvals, subcontractor work orders, milestone progress certifications, retention money deductions, and back-to-back client billing.

### Inventory & Procurement

- [Multi-Warehouse Inventory & Landed Cost Valuation](https://biza.app/docs/multi-warehouse-inventory-valuation): Track stock across multiple warehouses, manage transfers, automate reorder points, allocate landed costs, and maintain accurate inventory valuations.
- [Procurement Lifecycle: From RFQ to 3-Way Matching & Payment](https://biza.app/docs/procurement-rfq-to-payment): End-to-end procurement workflows: Request for Quotation (RFQ), supplier quote comparisons, Purchase Orders, Goods Receipts, and 3-way invoice matching.
- [Landed Cost Adjustments & Inventory Capitalization](https://biza.app/docs/landed-cost-adjustments-valuation): Capitalize international freight, customs clearance, tariffs, and shipping insurance into inventory asset values and Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) with multi-criteria apportionment.

### Sales & Invoicing

- [Sales Lifecycle: Quotations, Sales Orders, Delivery Notes & Invoices](https://biza.app/docs/sales-quotes-to-invoices): Manage the commercial sales cycle: customer quotations, sales order commitments, delivery notes with stock decrement, and tax invoice generation.
- [WhatsApp Business Integration & Customer CRM](https://biza.app/docs/whatsapp-crm-customer-communication): Unify customer communication with ERP records: send tax invoices and payment reminders via WhatsApp, manage customer leads, and convert chats into sales quotes.
- [Point of Sale (POS) & Retail Storefront Checkout](https://biza.app/docs/pos-retail-storefront-checkout): High-speed retail point-of-sale: barcode scanning, offline register caching, cash/card split tenders, daily Z-reports, and instant simplified tax invoices.
- [Recurring Invoices & Subscription Billing Automation](https://biza.app/docs/recurring-invoices-subscription-billing): Automate contract billing schedules: recurring monthly retainers, annual software licenses, rental billing intervals, and automated draft invoice generation.
- [Credit Notes, Debit Notes & Tax Invoice Adjustments](https://biza.app/docs/debit-notes-credit-notes-adjustments): Handle sales returns, billing adjustments, and supplier refunds with legally compliant credit notes and debit notes cryptographically linked to original invoices.

### HR & Payroll

- [HR Records, Document Expiry Tracking & WPS Payroll Compliance](https://biza.app/docs/hr-payroll-wps-compliance): Manage employee profiles, track Iqama/passport/visa document expirations, process leave requests, and run WPS-compliant payroll linked to the general ledger.

### Platform & Security

- [Enterprise Security Architecture, RBAC & Immutable Audit Governance](https://biza.app/docs/enterprise-security-and-audit): Enterprise security architecture: strict workspace segregation, granular role-based access control (RBAC), approval matrices, and tamper-evident field-level audit trails.

## Marketing & Comparison Pages

- [Full Features Directory](https://biza.app/features): Overview of all Biza modules.
- [ZATCA Compliance Guide](https://biza.app/features/zatca-e-invoicing): Saudi Arabia Phase 2 technical overview.
- [Double-Entry Accounting Platform](https://biza.app/features/finance-accounting): Core ledger, VAT, and reporting.
- [AI Document Automation](https://biza.app/features/ai-document-automation): Email inbox forwarding and OCR pipelines.
- [Multi-Warehouse Inventory](https://biza.app/features/inventory): Stock, transfers, and landed cost management.
- [ERP Comparison: Biza vs Odoo](https://biza.app/compare/odoo): Architectural and feature comparison.
- [ERP Comparison: Biza vs Qoyod](https://biza.app/compare/qoyod): Regional Saudi SME accounting comparison.
- [ERP Comparison: Biza vs Wafeq](https://biza.app/compare/wafeq): Compliance and workflow comparison.
- [ERP Comparison: Biza vs Spreadsheets](https://biza.app/compare/spreadsheets): Why SMEs upgrade from Excel.

## Full Technical Manual

For the complete technical documentation in a single file, see [https://biza.app/llms-full.txt](https://biza.app/llms-full.txt).


---

# Complete Feature Guides


---

## AI Document Capture & Automated Email Forwarding

**Category:** ai-automation | **Slug:** `/docs/ai-document-capture-inbox` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/ai-document-capture-inbox

**Summary:** Automate invoice, receipt, and statement data entry via direct file upload or email forwarding to dedicated tenant addresses with human-in-the-loop review.

# AI Document Capture & Automated Email Forwarding

Manual data entry for supplier invoices, receipts, and bank statements is one of the highest friction tasks in SME accounting. BIZA combines multi-channel ingestion with AI-powered multimodal extraction to convert raw documents into structured, reviewable drafts in seconds.

---

## 1. Multi-Channel Ingestion

BIZA supports two primary methods for getting documents into the system:

### Method A: Direct File Upload
Users can drag and drop documents into the web interface across multiple formats:
* **PDF documents:** Single-page and multi-page supplier bills, contracts, and statements.
* **Image formats:** High-resolution scans or smartphone photos (JPG, PNG, WebP), including skewed or low-light field receipts.

### Method B: Email Ingestion (`@biza.email`)
Every BIZA workspace receives dedicated system email addresses (e.g., `invoices@company.biza.email`, `expenses@company.biza.email`):
* **Supplier Forwarding:** Suppliers can email bills directly to your company's dedicated Biza email address.
* **Employee Forwarding:** Field technicians or traveling staff forward electronic receipts, flight tickets, and hotel invoices directly from their inboxes.
* **Automatic Attachment Detection:** The automated email processing pipeline strips signatures and inline graphics, isolates the true invoice/receipt attachments, and routes them to the extraction queue.

---

## 2. Extraction Pipeline & Data Mapping

Once a document is received:
1. **Multimodal Analysis:** The document is processed by high-accuracy AI and multimodal document extraction services specialized in financial document layout understanding.
2. **Entity & Tax Extraction:** The engine extracts:
   * **Supplier Details:** Legal name, VAT Registration Number (TRN / Tax ID), address, and contact information.
   * **Document Metadata:** Invoice number, issue date, due date, payment terms, and currency.
   * **Line Items:** Item description, SKU/code, quantity, unit price, discount, tax rate, and line total.
   * **Tax Breakdown:** Subtotal, standard-rated VAT, zero-rated/exempt amounts, and grand total.
3. **Master Data Matching:** BIZA cross-references the extracted supplier name and VAT ID against existing suppliers in your database:
   * If a match is found, it automatically links the supplier record.
   * If the supplier is new, BIZA offers to create the supplier record with pre-filled details.

---

## 3. Human-in-the-Loop Safeguards (The Draft Principle)

> [!IMPORTANT]
> **AI Does the Typing; Humans Do the Approving.**
> BIZA strictly prohibits AI models from posting directly to the General Ledger or moving money. All extracted documents are created in **DRAFT** state.

### Review Workspace
The review screen provides a side-by-side verification interface:
* **Left Panel:** High-resolution document viewer with zoom, rotation, and multi-page navigation.
* **Right Panel:** Editable purchase entry or expense form populated with the extracted values.
* **Field Highlighting:** Low-confidence extractions or unrecognized tax rates are visually flagged for manual verification.

---

## 4. Approval & Ledger Posting

When a user reviews and approves the draft:
1. **Sequence Allocation:** A permanent, auditable purchase voucher number is assigned.
2. **Ledger Posting:** 
   * Debits appropriate Expense or Inventory Asset accounts.
   * Debits Input VAT Receivable (15% in Saudi Arabia, 5% in UAE).
   * Credits Accounts Payable (Supplier Account).
3. **Audit Record:** A permanent entry is recorded in `audit_log` capturing who uploaded the document, the extraction confidence, who approved it, and any manual edits made before posting.
4. **Document Archival:** The original document file is permanently preserved in secure cloud storage and remains accessible from the transaction record indefinitely.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): استخراج المستندات بالذكاء الاصطناعي وإعادة التوجيه عبر البريد الإلكتروني

---
title: "استخراج المستندات بالذكاء الاصطناعي وإعادة التوجيه عبر البريد الإلكتروني"
slug: ai-document-capture-inbox
category: ai-automation
order: 1
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "أتمتة إدخال فواتير الشراء والإيصالات وكشوف الحسابات عبر رفع الملفات المباشر أو إعادة توجيه البريد الإلكتروني، مع محرك استخراج ذكي ومراجعة بشرية قبل الترحيل المحاسبي."
tags: ["الذكاء الاصطناعي", "استخراج المستندات", "صندوق الوارد", "الفواتير", "البريد الإلكتروني", "المشتريات"]
---

# استخراج المستندات بالذكاء الاصطناعي وإعادة التوجيه عبر البريد الإلكتروني

يستهلك إدخال فواتير المشتريات وإيصالات المصاريف اليومية يدوياً مئات الساعات من وقت فرق المحاسبة، فضلاً عن احتمالية الأخطاء البشرية في كتابة الأرقام الضريبية وتفاصيل بنود الفاتورة.

يقدم نظام بيزا (BIZA) تقنية **استخراج المستندات بالذكاء الاصطناعي متعدد الوسائط** (`/files/inbox`)، التي تحول أي فاتورة إلكترونية أو صورة إيصال ملتقطة بالهاتف إلى مسودة سند قيد متكاملة خلال ثوانٍ معدودة.

---

## 1. قنوات استلام المستندات المتعددة

يوفر بيزا قنوات مرنة تناسب بيئة العمل الميدانية والمكتبية:
* **إعادة التوجيه للبريد المخصص:** تحصل كل منشأة على عنوان بريد إلكتروني خاص (مثل: `inbox@company.biza.email`). بمجرد إعادة توجيه أي فاتورة مورد من بريد الموظف إلى هذا العنوان، تلتقطها المنصة تلقائياً.
* **الرفع المباشر عبر السحب والإفلات:** رفع ملفات PDF أو صور ممسوحة ضوئياً مباشرة من شاشة النظام.
* **الالتقاط عبر كاميرا الجوال:** تصوير الفواتير الورقية والإيصالات الحرارية في الموقع وحفظها في صندوق الوارد فوراً.

---

## 2. محرك الاستخراج متعدد الوسائط

يقوم محرك الذكاء الاصطناعي بتحليل بنية المستند واستخراج الحقول التالية بدقة متناهية:
1. **اسم المورد ورقم سجله الضريبي (VAT ID).**
2. **رقم الفاتورة الأصلي وتاريخ الإصدار.**
3. **تفاصيل الأصناف والبنود (الوصف، الكمية، سعر الوحدة، الإجمالي).**
4. **نسبة ضريبة القيمة المضافة (15%) ومبلغ الضريبة.**
5. **المبلغ الإجمالي للفاتورة والعملة.**

---

## 3. مبدأ المراجعة والاعتماد البشري (Human-in-the-Loop)

في بيزا، **لا يرحل الذكاء الاصطناعي أي قيد مالي إلى دفتر الأستاذ دون موافقة المحاسب**:
* **إنشاء المسودة (Draft):** يجهز النظام مسودة سند الشراء ويعرضها جنباً إلى جنب مع صورة المستند الأصلي للمطابقة البصرية.
* **مؤشرات الثقة (Confidence Scores):** يتم تظليل أي حقل غير واضح بلون تحذيري لتدقيقه سريعاً.
* **الاعتماد والترحيل:** بنقرة واحدة يعتمد المحاسب الفاتورة، لتتحول فوراً إلى فاتورة مشتريات معتمدة وقيد محاسبي دائن للمورد ومدين للمخزون أو المصروف.


---

## AI Natural Language Reporting & Executive Chat Assistant

**Category:** ai-automation | **Slug:** `/docs/ai-natural-language-reporting-assistant` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/ai-natural-language-reporting-assistant

**Summary:** Query operational and financial data using plain natural language: automated NL-to-SQL report generation, 90-day cash flow projections, and KPI trend analysis.

# AI Natural Language Reporting & Executive Chat Assistant

Extracting custom financial summaries and operational insights from traditional ERP systems often requires submitting tickets to IT or exporting raw spreadsheets for manual pivot-table analysis. BIZA provides an embedded AI assistant that translates natural language questions into secure, read-only SQL aggregations against live tenant data.

---

## 1. Natural Language to SQL Architecture (NL-to-SQL)

The reporting engine operates on a strict read-only execution layer:
* **Tenant Isolation Context:** All generated queries execute within the authenticated session carrying the active `tenant_id`. It is mathematically impossible for queries to access cross-tenant data.
* **Schema Grounding:** The model is grounded with authorized table schemas (invoices, expenses, payments, stock levels, ledger lines) and domain financial rules.
* **Deterministic Aggregations:** Translates user questions into standard PostgreSQL aggregations (`SUM`, `AVG`, `COUNT`, `DATE_TRUNC`, `RANK`) rather than hallucinating estimates.
* **Grounding Row Provenance:** Every response returns the underlying data row count (e.g. *"Calculated from 1,240 sales invoices and 418 expense vouchers"*), providing complete transparency.

---

## 2. Common Analytical Query Capabilities

Business leaders and managers can ask high-level or granular questions across multiple operational domains:

### Financial Performance & Margins
* *"What is our gross and net profit for this quarter compared to last quarter?"*
* *"Show total operating expenses broken down by category for the last 6 months."*
* *"Which product categories generate the highest gross profit margin?"*

### Receivables & Payables (AR/AP)
* *"Which customers currently have invoices overdue by more than 60 days?"*
* *"Who owes us the most money right now, and when were their last payments?"*
* *"Show an AP aging breakdown across 30, 60, and 90-day buckets."*

### Sales & Inventory Intelligence
* *"What are our top 10 best-selling products by total revenue this year?"*
* *"Which items in the Central Warehouse are currently below their minimum reorder point?"*
* *"Show monthly sales trends by sales representative or branch."*

---

## 3. 90-Day Predictive Cash Flow Forecasting

Beyond historical reporting, the assistant provides a forward-looking cash flow forecast:
* **Inflow Projection:** Calculates scheduled customer collections based on open Accounts Receivable, agreed invoice payment terms, and historical customer settlement speeds.
* **Outflow Projection:** Aggregates approved supplier payables, recurring expenses (rent, utilities), and scheduled payroll runs.
* **Weekly Net Position:** Displays weekly projected opening balance, expected inflows, expected outflows, and net closing cash position over the next 90 days.

---

## 4. Visual KPI Cards & Dynamic Charts

Query results are not limited to text:
* **Interactive Data Tables:** Sortable, filterable tables with direct links to view the underlying source document.
* **Dynamic Visualizations:** Automatically renders bar charts for period comparisons, line charts for revenue trends, and donut charts for expense breakdowns.
* **Export to Excel / CSV:** Download query results with one click for external sharing or board presentations.


---

## General Ledger & Double-Entry Accounting Architecture

**Category:** finance-accounting | **Slug:** `/docs/general-ledger-double-entry` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/general-ledger-double-entry

**Summary:** Core accounting engine: hierarchical Chart of Accounts, balanced journal entries, multi-currency accounting with realized/unrealized FX, and automated financial statements.

# General Ledger & Double-Entry Accounting Architecture

At the heart of BIZA is an immutable, double-entry financial core. Every operational transaction—whether an invoice, supplier payment, inventory adjustment, or payroll run—posts balanced debits and credits directly to the General Ledger.

---

## 1. Hierarchical Chart of Accounts (COA)

BIZA supports a multi-level, parent-child Chart of Accounts designed for regional compliance (Saudi Arabia, UAE, India) while remaining fully customizable.

### Root Account Categories
1. **Assets (1000):** Current Assets (Cash, Bank, Accounts Receivable, Inventory), Fixed Assets, and Accumulated Depreciation.
2. **Liabilities (2000):** Accounts Payable, Accruals, Retention Payable, and Tax Liabilities (Output VAT Payable).
3. **Equity (3000):** Share Capital, Retained Earnings, and Owner Drawings.
4. **Revenue (4000):** Operating Sales, Service Fees, Project Billings, and Other Income.
5. **Cost of Goods Sold (5000):** Direct Material Purchases, Landed Shipping Costs, Direct Project Labor, and Inventory Adjustments.
6. **Expenses (6000):** Administrative, Rent, Utilities, Depreciation, and Marketing.

Each account carries:
* **Account Code & Name:** Fully bilingual (English & Arabic).
* **Account Type:** Determines behavior on financial reports.
* **Currency:** Multi-currency accounts (e.g., USD bank account or EUR supplier ledger).

---

## 2. Inviolable Double-Entry Integrity

The ledger enforces mathematical integrity at the database level:
* **Zero-Sum Assertion:** A journal entry cannot be posted unless total Debits equal total Credits:
  $$\sum \text{Debits} - \sum \text{Credits} = 0$$
* **No Direct Row Mutation:** Posted ledger transactions cannot be edited in place. Any correction requires a formal reversal or adjusting journal entry, preserving the complete historical audit trail.
* **Fiscal Periods & Hard Locking:** Close past months or financial years to prevent retroactive journal postings.

---

## 3. Multi-Currency Accounting & FX Tracking

For businesses dealing with cross-border trade:
* **Base Workspace Currency:** Typically SAR, AED, USD, or INR.
* **Transaction Currency:** Record invoices or bills in foreign currencies (EUR, GBP, USD, etc.).
* **Realized FX Gains/Losses:** Automatically calculated upon invoice settlement when the exchange rate between issue date and payment date fluctuates.
* **Unrealized FX Revaluation:** End-of-period revaluation of foreign currency bank accounts and open receivables/payables.

---

## 4. Automated Financial Reporting

Financial statements update live with zero batch-processing delays:
* **Balance Sheet:** Real-time summary of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity.
* **Profit & Loss (Income Statement):** Operating margins, gross profit, and net profit by custom date range, branch, or project cost center.
* **Trial Balance:** Full listing of debit and credit balances across all active accounts for period verification.
* **General Ledger Statement:** Chronological audit statement for any account with opening balances, running balances, and voucher drill-down.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): دفتر الأستاذ العام وهندسة المحاسبة بالقيد المزدوج

---
title: "دفتر الأستاذ العام وهندسة المحاسبة بالقيد المزدوج"
slug: general-ledger-double-entry
category: finance-accounting
order: 1
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "المحرك المحاسبي الأساسي: شجرة حسابات هرمية متوافقة مع المعايير الدولية، قيود يومية متوازنة، محاسبة متعددة العملات مع فروق أسعار الصرف، والقوائم المالية الآلية."
tags: ["المحاسبة", "دفتر الأستاذ", "القيد المزدوج", "شجرة الحسابات", "ميزان المراجعة", "العملات الأجنبية"]
---

# دفتر الأستاذ العام وهندسة المحاسبة بالقيد المزدوج

يقوم نظام بيزا (BIZA) على محرك محاسبي صارم يتبع مبدأ **القيد المزدوج (Double-Entry Bookkeeping)**، حيث لا يمكن ترحيل أي معاملة تجارية في النظام ما لم تكن متوازنة حسابياً بالمطلق (إجمالي المدين = إجمالي الدائن).

يضمن هذا الالتزام الهندسي سلامة القوائم المالية، وسهولة التدقيق المحاسبي الخارجي، وتوافق الحسابات مع معايير المحاسبة الدولية (IFRS) ومعايير الهيئة السعودية للمراجعين والمحاسبين (SOCPA).

---

## 1. شجرة الحسابات الهرمية (Chart of Accounts)

تأتي شجرة الحسابات في بيزا مجهزة مسبقاً وفق أفضل الممارسات المحاسبية في المملكة والخليج:
* **1000 — الأصول:** الأصول المتداولة (النقد والبنوك، الذمم المدينة، المخزون) والأصول غير المتداولة (الأصول الثابتة ومجمع الإهلاك).
* **2000 — الخصوم والالتزامات:** الالتزامات المتداولة (الذمم الدائنة، ضريبة القيمة المضافة المستحقة، مستحقات التأمينات، الرواتب المستحقة) والالتزامات غير المتداولة.
* **3000 — حقوق الملكية:** رأس المال، الأرباح المبقاة (المحتجزة)، واحتياطيات الشركاء.
* **4000 — الإيرادات:** إيرادات المبيعات، إيرادات الخدمات، وعقود المشاريع.
* **5000 — تكلفة الإيرادات:** تكلفة البضاعة المباعة (COGS) وتكاليف العقود المباشرة.
* **6000 — المصروفات التشغيلية والعمومية:** الرواتب، الإيجارات، التسويق، الاستهلاك، ومصاريف البنوك.

---

## 2. القيود الآلية والقيود اليدوية

* **القيود الآلية:** تولد العمليات التشغيلية (فواتير المبيعات، فواتير الشراء، سندات التسليم، كشوف الرواتب، إهلاك الأصول) قيودها اليومية تلقائياً في الخلفية دون تدخل بشري.
* **القيود اليدوية (`/accounting/journal-entries`):** مخصصة لقيود التسويات الاستثنائية ومخصصات نهاية الخدمة ومصاريف الاستهلاك السنوي مع تدقيق إلزامي لتوازن طرفي القيد.

---

## 3. العملات المتعددة وفروق أسعار الصرف (FX)

* **عملة الأساس والعملات الأجنبية:** دعم المعاملات بالريال السعودي، الدرهم الإماراتي، الدولار الأمريكي، اليورو، والجنيه الاسترليني.
* **أرباح وخسائر الصرف المحققة وغير المحققة:** تقييم أرصدة الذمم والعملات الأجنبية في نهاية كل فترة مالية وتوليد قيود تسوية فروق الصرف آلياً.

---

## 4. التقارير المالية الفورية

* **ميزان المراجعة (Trial Balance):** أرصدة الحسابات الإجمالية اللحظية مع إمكانية الفرز حسب مستوى الشجرة أو مركز التكلفة.
* **قائمة الدخل (P&L):** حساب صافي الربح التشغيلي والنهائي لأي فترة محددة.
* **الميزانية العمومية (Balance Sheet):** تقرير فوري يعكس المركز المالي الحقيقي للمنشأة.


---

## Bank Statement Reconciliation & Automated Matching

**Category:** finance-accounting | **Slug:** `/docs/bank-reconciliation-matching` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/bank-reconciliation-matching

**Summary:** Import bank statements (CSV, OFX, CAMT, PDF) and reconcile bank feeds against ledger transactions with automated matching and fee allocation.

# Bank Statement Reconciliation & Automated Matching

Keeping company bank balances aligned with accounting records is essential for cash visibility and fraud prevention. BIZA's bank reconciliation workspace imports digital statements, matches transactions against open invoices and payments, and posts adjusting bank fees in one streamlined workflow.

---

## 1. Statement Ingestion

BIZA supports multiple statement formats from leading regional banks (Al Rajhi, SNB, Riyad Bank, ENBD, FAB, HDFC, SBI):
* **Electronic Bank Feeds / File Imports:** Support for standard CSV, Excel, OFX, QIF, and CAMT.053 XML files.
* **PDF Statement Ingestion:** Upload scanned or digital PDF bank statements directly; BIZA's document engine extracts transaction dates, reference descriptions, withdrawal/deposit amounts, and running balances into a structured feed.

---

## 2. Reconciliation Workspace

The dedicated workspace (`/accounting/bank-reconciliation`) provides an interactive comparison view:
* **Left Column:** Bank statement lines extracted from the uploaded statement.
* **Right Column:** Internal General Ledger bank transactions (unreconciled customer receipts, supplier payments, transfers).
* **Running Difference Tile:** Displays Statement Balance vs. Cleared Ledger Balance vs. Unreconciled Difference.

---

## 3. Matching Engine & Rules

BIZA simplifies matching using deterministic heuristics:
1. **Exact Reference Matching:** Matches bank reference IDs, cheque numbers, or transfer descriptions against customer invoices or payment records.
2. **Amount & Date Window Matching:** Identifies candidate transactions matching the exact currency amount within a configurable date tolerance (e.g. ±3 days).
3. **One-Click Split Matching:** Reconcile a single lump-sum bank deposit against multiple individual customer invoices (batch payments).

---

## 4. In-Workspace Instant Adjustments (`CreateAdjustmentDialog`)

During reconciliation, bank statements frequently contain items that do not originate as pre-existing vouchers in the ERP—such as monthly maintenance fees, merchant acquiring discount rates (MDR), wire transfer fees, interest income, or direct debit utilities:
* **One-Click Adjustment Journal:** Clicking **Create Adjustment** opens an inline modal pre-filled with the statement transaction's date, description, and currency amount.
* **Automatic Direction Detection:** 
  * **Negative statement amounts (money out of bank):** Pre-configures a credit to the Bank Account and prompts for the corresponding expense account (e.g., `6010 — Bank Charges & Commission`).
  * **Positive statement amounts (money into bank):** Pre-configures a debit to the Bank Account and prompts for the income account (e.g., `4800 — Finance & Interest Income`).
* **Tax Handling for VAT Recovery:** Automatically applies statutory 15% VAT on bank service charges, booking input VAT to `1150 — Input Tax Recoverable` so your business claims full tax credits.
* **Traceable Linkage:** The generated draft journal entry is directly linked to the specific bank statement line ID for end-to-end audit traceability before posting.

---

## 5. Multi-Currency Bank Accounts & FX Variance

For businesses holding foreign currency accounts (e.g., USD, EUR, AED, GBP):
* **Currency-Specific Reconciliations:** Reconcile foreign bank statements in the account's native denomination.
* **Exchange Rate Realization:** When matching a foreign currency payment against an invoice booked at historical rates, BIZA calculates and posts realized foreign exchange gain/loss adjustments automatically.

---

## 6. Reconciliation Sign-Off & Permanent Audit Record

Once all statement lines are matched or adjusted and the unreconciled difference reaches **SAR 0.00**:
* **Lock Statement Period:** The statement is officially signed off and locked as **Reconciled**. All linked general ledger vouchers are tagged as cleared, preventing duplicate matching in subsequent periods.
* **Comprehensive Audit Trail:** The system preserves the original uploaded bank statement file, the reconciliation completion timestamp, the approving accountant's identity, and an unalterable summary report.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): مطابقة كشوف الحسابات البنكية والمطابقة الآلية

---
title: "مطابقة كشوف الحسابات البنكية والمطابقة الآلية"
slug: bank-reconciliation-matching
category: finance-accounting
order: 2
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "استيراد كشوف الحسابات البنكية (CSV, OFX, CAMT, PDF) ومطابقة الحركات البنكية مع قيود دفتر الأستاذ بدقة مع المعالجة اللحظية لقيود التسوية ورسوم نقاط البيع والضريبة المستردة."
tags: ["البنوك", "المطابقة البنكية", "التدفقات النقدية", "دفتر الأستاذ", "الضرائب", "المحاسبة"]
---

# مطابقة كشوف الحسابات البنكية والمطابقة الآلية

تُعد مطابقة الأرصدة البنكية الفعلية مع السجلات المحاسبية ركيزة أساسية لمنع الاختلاس، وضبط التدفقات النقدية، وضمان دقة التقارير المالية. يوفر نظام بيزا (BIZA) مساحة عمل متكاملة للمطابقة البنكية (`/accounting/bank-reconciliation`) تدعم استيراد الكشوف الإلكترونية، والمطابقة التلقائية الذكية، وتسجيل المصاريف البنكية وتعديلات القيود بضغطة زر.

---

## 1. استيراد كشوف الحسابات البنكية

يدعم بيزا مختلف التنسيقات الصادرة من كبرى البنوك في السعودية والخليج (الراجحي، الأهلي SNB، بنك الرياض، الإمارات دبي الوطني، بنك أبوظبي الأول):
* **الملفات الرقمية القياسية:** استيراد ملفات CSV، Excel، OFX، و CAMT.053 XML مباشرة من البوابة المصرفية.
* **استيراد ملفات PDF الذكي:** رفع كشوف الحسابات المصرفية بصيغة PDF؛ حيث يقوم محرك استخراج المستندات بتحليل النصوص والجداول وتفريغ التواريخ والوصف والمبالغ والأرصدة في جدول تفاعلي منظم.

---

## 2. قواعد وخوارزميات المطابقة الذكية

تعتمد مساحة عمل المطابقة في بيزا على واجهة ثنائية تعرض أسطر كشف الحساب البنكي على اليمين، والقيود المسجلة في دفتر الأستاذ على اليسار:
1. **المطابقة بالرقم المرجعي الدقيق:** ربط أرقام الشيكات أو الحوالات السريعة بفواتير العملاء أو سندات الصرف تلقائياً.
2. **المطابقة بفارق التواريخ والمبلغ:** العثور على القيود المتطابقة في القيمة النقدية ضمن نافذة زمنية مرنة (مثلاً: ±3 أيام عمل) لتغطية فترات المقاصة بين البنوك.
3. **تجزئة الإيداعات المجمعة (Batch Receipts):** مطابقة دفعة بنكية واحدة مجمعة مع مجموعة فواتير متعددة تم سدادها معاً.

---

## 3. إنشاء قيود التسوية اللحظية (`CreateAdjustmentDialog`)

تتضمن كشوف الحسابات البنكية عادةً خصومات دورية لم تُسجل مسبقاً في الدفاتر (رسوم أجهزة نقاط البيع MDR، رسوم الحوالات، فوائد بنكية، خصومات مباشرة للاتصالات):
* **سند تعديل لحظي:** عند النقر على خيار إنشاء تسوية بجوار السطر البنكي، تفتح نافذة مسبقة التعبئة بالتاريخ والوصف والمبلغ.
* **تحديد الاتجاه التلقائي:**
  * **المبالغ المخصومة (سحب من البنك):** يحدد النظام قيد دائن للبنك، ويطلب تحديد حساب المصروف (مثل: `6010 — رسوم وعمولات بنكية`).
  * **المبالغ المودعة (إيداع للبنك):** يحدد النظام قيد مدين للبنك، ويطلب تحديد حساب الإيراد (مثل: `4800 — إيرادات تمويلية`).
* **استرداد ضريبة القيمة المضافة 15%:** تطبيق نسبة الضريبة 15% آلياً على العمولات البنكية وتوجيهها لحساب ضريبة المدخلات القابلة للاسترداد لضمان الاستفادة من الخصم الضريبي في إقرار زاتكا.

---

## 4. إقفال واعتماد المطابقة البنكية

عند وصول الفارق بين رصيد كشف الحساب ورصيد دفتر الأستاذ إلى **0.00 ريال**:
* **قفل فترة المطابقة:** يتم اعتماد الكشف رسمياً، وتحديد كافة الحركات المرتبطة بأنها «تمت مطابقتها»، لمنع تكرار استخدامها في فترات لاحقة.
* **شهادة المطابقة والأرشيف:** حفظ كشف الحساب الأصلي واسم المحاسب وتاريخ الإقفال في سجل تدقيق دائم وغير قابل للتعديل.


---

## Fixed Assets Register & Automated Depreciation Schedules

**Category:** finance-accounting | **Slug:** `/docs/fixed-assets-depreciation-management` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/fixed-assets-depreciation-management

**Summary:** Manage company capital assets, track serials and custodians, automate monthly depreciation journal entries, and account for asset disposals and impairments.

# Fixed Assets Register & Automated Depreciation Schedules

Machinery, company vehicles, IT equipment, office furnishings, and leasehold improvements represent significant capital expenditures that must be capitalized and depreciated over their useful economic lives. BIZA Fixed Assets automates asset registration, depreciation calculations, and general ledger postings.

---

## 1. Asset Capitalization & Registration

When a capital asset is acquired (via purchase entry, direct cash purchase, or capital project):
* **Asset Master Record:** Item name, category (e.g., *Computer Equipment*, *Vehicles*, *Plant & Machinery*), serial number, purchase date, and physical location.
* **Custodian & Department:** Assign responsibility to a specific employee or departmental cost center.
* **Cost Basis & Salvage Value:** Record initial purchase cost, capitalized installation/freight charges, and estimated residual salvage value at the end of its life.

---

## 2. Depreciation Schedules & Calculation Methods

BIZA supports standard financial depreciation methodologies:

### Straight-Line Method (SLM)
Depreciates an equal amount each fiscal period over the asset's useful life:
$$\text{Periodic Depreciation} = \frac{\text{Asset Cost} - \text{Salvage Value}}{\text{Useful Life in Periods}}$$

### Reducing / Declining Balance Method (DB)
Accelerates depreciation in earlier years by applying a fixed percentage to the diminishing book value:
$$\text{Periodic Depreciation} = \text{Book Value at Start of Period} \times \text{Depreciation Rate}$$

---

## 3. Automated Monthly Depreciation Posting

Finance teams no longer need to calculate depreciation spreadsheets and enter manual journals every month:
* **Batch Depreciation Run:** Click **Run Monthly Depreciation** at month-end.
* **Automated Journal Posting:** BIZA calculates the exact depreciation for all active assets and posts a balanced journal entry:
  * **Debit:** Depreciation Expense (P&L account mapped by asset category).
  * **Credit:** Accumulated Depreciation (Balance Sheet contra-asset account).
* **Audit Trail:** Each asset's individual depreciation schedule updates with the voucher number, posted date, and remaining net book value.

---

## 4. Asset Disposal, Sale & Scrapping

When an asset reaches the end of its life or is sold:
* **Sale to Customer:** Record disposal proceeds; BIZA calculates the Net Book Value (Cost minus Accumulated Depreciation) and posts the difference directly to **Gain / Loss on Asset Disposal**.
* **Scrapping / Write-Off:** Write off damaged or obsolete equipment, derecognizing the original asset and accumulated depreciation while recognizing an impairment loss.


---

## Contra Settlements & AP/AR Netting Adjustments

**Category:** finance-accounting | **Slug:** `/docs/contra-settlements-ap-ar-offsetting` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/contra-settlements-ap-ar-offsetting

**Summary:** Offset open sales invoices (AR) against vendor purchase bills (AP) without cash movements when counterparties act as both customer and supplier, with automated FX handling and balanced journal posting.

# Contra Settlements & AP/AR Netting Adjustments

In commercial trading, construction, distribution, and corporate group operations, businesses frequently conduct bilateral trade with counterparties who act simultaneously as **customers** (purchasing goods or services) and **suppliers** (providing materials, subcontracted labor, or equipment).

Instead of wiring redundant cash payments back and forth—incurring banking fees, payment processing delays, and liquidity drag—BIZA provides a dedicated **Contra Settlement** engine (`/accounting/contra-settlements`). This feature allows finance teams to legally and cleanly set off outstanding Accounts Receivable (AR) against Accounts Payable (AP) without touching a bank account.

---

## 1. When to Use a Contra Settlement

Contra settlements solve everyday corporate reconciliation scenarios:
* **Two-Way Trading Partners:** A distributor supplies finished goods to a vendor while purchasing raw packaging materials from the same entity.
* **Subcontractor Material Offsets:** A general contractor purchases building materials on behalf of a drywall subcontractor, deducting the cost from the subcontractor's monthly progress payment.
* **Intercompany Clearing:** Sister entities within a corporate group netting cross-charges, management fees, and shared operational costs.
* **Barter & Cross-Servicing Agreements:** Mutually agreed trade-ins, equipment exchanges, or reciprocal consulting services.

---

## 2. Setting Up Contra Counterparties

In BIZA, counterparties maintain distinct sub-ledger identities for strict auditability while linking seamlessly for contra clearing:
1. The party is registered in the **Customer** master with its dedicated Accounts Receivable sub-account.
2. The party is registered in the **Supplier** master with its dedicated Accounts Payable sub-account.
3. In the Contra Settlement creation workspace (`/accounting/contra-settlements/new`), the accountant selects both the Customer profile and the Supplier profile. BIZA instantly queries open balances across both ledgers.

---

## 3. Allocation Engine: Oldest-First vs. Line-by-Line Selection

The workspace presents a synchronized dual-table ledger view:
* **Left Table (Accounts Receivable):** All unpaid and partially paid sales invoices issued to the customer, displaying invoice number, issuance date, total amount, and remaining balance.
* **Right Table (Accounts Payable):** All approved, unpaid purchase bills and supplier entries, displaying bill reference, entry date, total amount, and outstanding payable.

### Automated Greedy Allocation (Oldest-First)
The user enters the desired **Set-Off Amount** (e.g., SAR 25,000.00). Clicking **Auto-Allocate (Magic Wand)** triggers BIZA's allocation algorithm:
1. Evaluates exact-match invoices and bills where the outstanding balance matches the set-off amount.
2. If no single exact match exists, it performs an oldest-first (FIFO) allocation, sequentially exhausting open balances until the entire set-off amount is absorbed on both sides.
3. Both the AR total and AP total must balance exactly to the cent before submission.

### Manual Line-Item Adjustments
Accountants can override automated allocations at any time by toggling checkboxes and typing exact partial deduction amounts against specific disputed or milestone invoices.

---

## 4. Multi-Currency & Realized FX Recognition

When trading across borders (e.g., customer invoices billed in USD or EUR against supplier bills booked in SAR or AED), exchange rates may have fluctuated between initial billing and settlement date:
* **Settlement Exchange Rate:** BIZA records the agreed cross-currency exchange rate as of the settlement voucher date.
* **Realized FX Gain/Loss Posting:** If the base-currency value of the cleared receivable differs from the cleared payable, BIZA automatically balances the entry by routing the variance to the designated **Realized Foreign Exchange Gain/Loss** account.

---

## 5. Automated Balanced Journal Posting

Upon confirmation, BIZA posts a single atomic, bankless General Ledger journal entry:

$$\begin{aligned}
\text{DR} \quad & \text{Accounts Payable (2000) — Vendor Sub-Ledger} & \text{SAR } 25,000.00 \\
\text{CR} \quad & \text{Accounts Receivable (1100) — Customer Sub-Ledger} & \text{SAR } 25,000.00
\end{aligned}$$

*(If foreign exchange variance applies, an offsetting entry to `Realized FX Gain (4900)` or `Realized FX Loss (5900)` is included).*

### Downstream System Updates
1. **Invoice Status Update:** Each linked sales invoice has its `paid_amount` credited by the allocated amount. Fully satisfied invoices transition automatically to **Paid**; partially satisfied invoices transition to **Partial**.
2. **Purchase Bill Status Update:** Each linked purchase entry has its payment status updated accordingly.
3. **Traceability:** The settlement produces a permanent **Contra Settlement Voucher** (e.g., `CS-2026-0042`) with clickable hyperlinks to every underlying sales invoice, supplier bill, and posted journal entry.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): تسويات المقاصة ومقاصة الذمم المدينة والدائنة (Contra Settlements)

---
title: "تسويات المقاصة ومقاصة الذمم المدينة والدائنة (Contra Settlements)"
slug: contra-settlements-ap-ar-offsetting
category: finance-accounting
order: 4
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "تسوية فواتير المبيعات المفتوحة مع فواتير المشتريات المستحقة لنفس الطرف عندما يكون عميلاً ومورداً في نفس الوقت، دون الحاجة لتحويلات نقدية، مع معالجة قيود التسوية وفروق العملة تلقائياً."
tags: ["المحاسبة", "المقاصة", "الذمم المدينة", "الذمم الدائنة", "دفتر الأستاذ", "فروق العملة", "القيود المحاسبية"]
---

# تسويات المقاصة ومقاصة الذمم المدينة والدائنة (Contra Settlements)

في قطاعات التجارة، والمقاولات، وتوزيع السلع، تتعامل الشركات بشكل مستمر مع أطراف تجارية تجمع بين صفتين: **عميل** يشتري المنتجات، و**مورّد** يقدّم خدمات لوجستية أو مواد خام للمنشأة.

بدلاً من إرسال واستلام حوالات بنكية متكررة—مما يستنزف السيولة ويكبّد المنشأة رسوم تحويلات بنكية ويؤخر المطابقات—يوفر نظام بيزا (BIZA) محرك **تسويات المقاصة** المعتمد (`/accounting/contra-settlements`)، الذي يتيح إجراء المقاصة القانونية والمحاسبية بين الذمم المدينة والذمم الدائنة بضغطة زر دون الحاجة لأي حركة نقدية في الحساب البنكي.

---

## 1. حالات استخدام تسوية المقاصة

* **الشركاء التجاريون المزدوجون:** مورد يقوم بتوريد مواد تغليف ويشتري في المقابل بضائع جاهزة.
* **خصومات مقاولي الباطن:** قيام المقاول الرئيسي بتوفير مواد بناء أو معدات لمقاول باطن وخصم قيمتها من مستخلصاته الشهرية.
* **التسويات بين الشركات الشقيقة (Intercompany):** تسوية الحسابات الجارية والمصاريف المشتركة ورسوم الإدارة بين فروع أو منشآت المجموعة الواحدة.

---

## 2. آلية توزيع مبالغ المقاصة في بيزا

عند فتح شاشة إنشاء تسوية مقاصة جديدة (`/accounting/contra-settlements/new`):
1. يتم اختيار سجل **العميل** وسجل **المورد** للطرف المعني.
2. يعرض النظام جدولين متزامنين:
   * **الجدول الأيمن (الذمم المدينة AR):** جميع فواتير المبيعات المفتوحة الصادرة للعميل وتواريخ استحقاقها والمتبقي منها.
   * **الجدول الأيسر (الذمم الدائنة AP):** جميع فواتير الشراء المعتمدة وغير المسددة للمورد.
3. يقوم المحاسب بإدخال **مبلغ المقاصة المتفق عليه** (مثلاً: 50,000 ريال سعودي).
4. **التوزيع الآلي الذكي (الأقدم فالأحدث FIFO):** يوزع النظام المبلغ تلقائياً على الفواتير الأقدم في الجانبين حتى استنفاد مبلغ المقاصة بالكامل مع ضمان تطابق الجانبين تماماً بالهللة.
5. يمكن للمحاسب في أي وقت تعديل المبالغ يدوياً لاستثناء فواتير معينة أو معالجة مطالبات محددة.

---

## 3. المعالجة الآلية لفروق أسعار الصرف (FX)

عندما تكون إحدى المعاملات بعملة أجنبية (مثل الدولار أو اليورو) مقابل الريال السعودي، تحسب خوارزمية بيزا فرق العملة المتحقق بين تاريخ الفاتورة وتاريخ المقاصة وتوجّه الفارق تلقائياً إلى حساب **أرباح/خسائر فروق العملة المحققة** لضمان توازن القيد بالكامل.

---

## 4. القيد المحاسبي الموحد للمقاصة

بمجرد اعتماد التسوية، يُنشئ النظام قيداً محاسبياً متوازناً دون وسيط بنكي:

$$\begin{aligned}
\text{مدين: } & \text{حساب الموردين / الذمم الدائنة (2000)} & 50,000.00 \text{ ريال} \\
\text{دائن: } & \text{حساب العملاء / الذمم المدينة (1100)} & 50,000.00 \text{ ريال}
\end{aligned}$$

### الآثار المترتبة على النظام:
* تحديث رصيد الفواتير المسددة جزئياً أو كلياً في سجلات العميل والمورد.
* استخراج سند تسوية مقاصة رسمي ورقم إسناد فريد (`CS-2026-0042`) مرتبط تشعبياً بكل الفواتير المعنية لتقديمه لمراجعي الحسابات.


---

## Multi-Branch Management & Cost Center Analytical Accounting

**Category:** finance-accounting | **Slug:** `/docs/multi-branch-cost-center-accounting` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/multi-branch-cost-center-accounting

**Summary:** Segment financial reporting across company branches, divisions, and departmental cost centers with consolidated and standalone Profit & Loss statements.

# Multi-Branch Management & Cost Center Analytical Accounting

Growing enterprises operating multiple retail outlets, regional showrooms, contracting sites, or service divisions need to track financial performance by business unit without fragmenting the organization into disconnected accounting databases. BIZA provides native multi-branch and multi-dimensional cost center accounting within a single unified workspace.

---

## 1. Branch Segmentation Architecture

Define branches matching your real-world corporate structure (e.g. *Riyadh Main Office*, *Jeddah Showroom*, *Dammam Warehouse*, *Dubai Service Center*):
* **Branch-Specific Sequences:** Invoices, purchase orders, and receipts can carry branch-specific numbering prefixes (e.g., `INV-RUH-001`, `INV-JED-001`).
* **Default Warehouse Linkage:** Every branch is assigned its default storage warehouse, ensuring local inventory decrements upon sale.
* **Role-Based Branch Access:** Restrict employee and cashier access so staff only view and transact against their authorized branch location.

---

## 2. Multi-Dimensional Cost Centers

In addition to branches, BIZA supports hierarchical cost centers for granular operational tracking:
* **Departmental Cost Centers:** Administration, Sales & Marketing, IT, Human Resources, Logistics.
* **Operational Projects & Contracts:** Construction sites, client retainers, internal R&D initiatives.
* **Equipment & Fleet Centers:** Track fuel, maintenance, insurance, and revenue by specific vehicle or heavy machinery unit.

---

## 3. Transaction Tagging & Split Allocation

Every operational voucher allows cost center distribution:
* **Line-by-Line Allocation:** Assign individual invoice lines or expense items to different cost centers.
* **Shared Expense Splitting:** Apportion shared overhead bills (e.g., corporate HQ rent or bulk software subscriptions) across multiple branches or departments based on fixed percentages.

---

## 4. Segmental Reporting & Consolidated Financials

Gain complete visibility into business unit viability:
* **Branch P&L Statements:** Filter Profit & Loss reports to inspect revenue, cost of sales, operating expenses, and net profit for a single branch or project.
* **Comparative Multi-Branch Reporting:** View side-by-side comparative financial statements comparing the performance of all branches for any calendar period.
* **Consolidated General Ledger:** Financial controllers and company executives view the entire organization's consolidated balance sheet and trial balance in real time with zero manual consolidation spreadsheets.


---

## Customer Receipt Batches & Supplier Batch Disbursements

**Category:** finance-accounting | **Slug:** `/docs/batch-payments-and-receipt-allocation` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/batch-payments-and-receipt-allocation

**Summary:** Process bulk customer wire receipts across multiple open invoices and execute supplier batch payment disbursements with automated FIFO allocation, overpayment handling, and bank reconciliation readiness.

# Customer Receipt Batches & Supplier Batch Disbursements

In high-volume commercial operations, handling payments on a one-invoice-to-one-transaction basis creates severe administrative bottlenecks. Enterprise customers routinely remit single lump-sum electronic transfers covering dozens of outstanding invoices, while corporate treasury teams execute weekly supplier payment runs disbursing funds across multiple vendor bills.

BIZA provides dedicated **Batch Receipt** (`/documents/customer-receipt-batches`) and **Batch Disbursement** (`/procurement/supplier-batch-payments`) modules designed to eliminate manual data entry, prevent unallocated cash suspense, and ensure rapid bank reconciliation.

---

## 1. Customer Batch Receipts (Bulk Inbound Remittances)

When an enterprise customer wires a single payment (e.g., SAR 142,500.00) covering a batch of delivery notes and tax invoices:

### Remittance Input & Header Definition
1. Select the **Customer** and the destination **Bank or Cash Account**.
2. Specify the **Remittance Date**, **Total Amount Received**, and bank transaction reference / deposit slip number.
3. Optional: Upload the customer's remittance advice document (PDF or Excel).

### Intelligent Invoice Allocation
BIZA fetches all outstanding and partially paid invoices for the customer:
* **Oldest-First (FIFO) Auto-Fill:** One click automatically applies the lump sum against the oldest open invoices first, decrementing the unallocated balance to zero.
* **Exact Remittance Advice Matching:** Users can toggle specific invoices matching the customer's payment advice, typing partial allocations where discounts, retentions, or disputed line items occur.
* **Unallocated Advance Deposits:** If the received remittance exceeds total outstanding invoices, the residual amount is automatically booked as an **Unallocated Customer Advance** (`2150 — Customer Deposits`), available for one-click application against future invoices.

---

## 2. Supplier Batch Disbursements (Bulk Outbound EFTs)

Treasury and accounts payable teams can consolidate vendor liabilities into scheduled payment batches:

1. **Vendor Bill Filtering:** Filter approved purchase entries by due date, payment terms (e.g., Net 30, Net 60), or specific vendor priority.
2. **Batch Total Calculation:** Select all qualifying bills to view the aggregated payout requirement, current bank account balance, and projected post-payment liquidity.
3. **Disbursement Execution:** Select the paying bank account, payment method (SARIE, Wire Transfer, Corporate Card, Post-Dated Cheque), and batch release date.
4. **Automated Sub-Ledger Posting:** BIZA generates a single consolidated bank credit entry while debiting each vendor's individual Accounts Payable sub-account, keeping AP aging reports 100% synchronized.

---

## 3. General Ledger Accounting Mechanics

Batch payment workflows generate balanced, multi-line journal vouchers:

### Inbound Customer Batch Receipt Journal:
$$\begin{aligned}
\text{DR} \quad & \text{Al Rajhi Bank — Operating Account (1010)} & \text{SAR } 142,500.00 \\
\text{CR} \quad & \text{Accounts Receivable (1100) — Inv #INV-2026-081} & \text{SAR } 45,000.00 \\
\text{CR} \quad & \text{Accounts Receivable (1100) — Inv #INV-2026-088} & \text{SAR } 62,500.00 \\
\text{CR} \quad & \text{Accounts Receivable (1100) — Inv #INV-2026-094} & \text{SAR } 35,000.00
\end{aligned}$$

### Outbound Supplier Batch Disbursement Journal:
$$\begin{aligned}
\text{DR} \quad & \text{Accounts Payable (2000) — Supplier Alpha} & \text{SAR } 28,000.00 \\
\text{DR} \quad & \text{Accounts Payable (2000) — Supplier Beta} & \text{SAR } 19,400.00 \\
\text{DR} \quad & \text{Accounts Payable (2000) — Supplier Gamma} & \text{SAR } 34,600.00 \\
\text{CR} \quad & \text{SNB Bank — Treasury Account (1020)} & \text{SAR } 82,000.00
\end{aligned}$$

---

## 4. Bank Reconciliation Synergy

By grouping individual invoice settlements into a single batch entry matching the exact transaction amount on the bank statement, BIZA's **Bank Reconciliation Workspace** matches the entire batch in a single click:
* Eliminates the need to manually reconcile dozens of separate invoices against a single bank line.
* Guarantees zero unreconciled penny rounding errors.
* Produces instant batch remittance advice PDFs that can be emailed directly to counterparties.


---

## AR/AP Aging Analysis & Dynamic Customer Statements

**Category:** finance-accounting | **Slug:** `/docs/ar-ap-aging-and-customer-statements` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/ar-ap-aging-and-customer-statements

**Summary:** Manage credit risk, track overdue receivables and payables across aging brackets, and generate professional customer account statements with running ledger balances and direct payment links.

# AR/AP Aging Analysis & Dynamic Customer Statements

Proactive working capital management requires total visibility into open receivables and supplier payment commitments. BIZA's automated aging reports (`/accounting/ar-aging` and `/accounting/ap-aging`) and interactive **Customer Statement** generator (`/accounting/customer-statements`) provide finance controllers and collection agents with real-time tools to prevent bad debt and accelerate cash collection.

---

## 1. Accounts Receivable (AR) Aging Engine

The AR Aging Report categorizes outstanding customer receivables into standardized overdue aging brackets based on contractual payment terms:
* **Current (Not Yet Due):** Invoices within standard payment terms (e.g., Net 15, Net 30, Net 60).
* **1 – 30 Days Overdue:** Follow-up window for standard invoice reminders.
* **31 – 60 Days Overdue:** First escalation tier; automated collection notice triggers.
* **61 – 90 Days Overdue:** High-risk bracket; credit hold recommendations on pending sales orders.
* **90+ Days Overdue:** Critical delinquency bracket; automated bad-debt provisioning evaluations.

### Key Analytical Capabilities
* **Interactive Drilldown:** Click any aging bucket to inspect underlying invoices, delivery notes, and outstanding balances.
* **Customer Credit Limit Monitoring:** Real-time indicator displaying total credit exposure vs. authorized customer credit limit.
* **Historical As-Of Date Aging:** Reconstruct historical aging reports as of any past balance sheet date for external financial audits.

---

## 2. Dynamic Customer Account Statements

Finance teams can generate comprehensive, branded **Statements of Account** for any selected date range:

### Statement Contents & Architecture
* **Opening Balance:** Brought-forward balance from all historical transactions prior to the start date.
* **Chronological Transaction Ledger:**
  * **Sales Invoices (+ DR):** Invoiced amounts increasing customer balance.
  * **Payments & Receipts (- CR):** Bank transfers, cash receipts, and cheques reducing balance.
  * **Credit Notes (- CR):** Sales returns, rebate adjustments, and approved credit memos.
  * **Contra Settlements (- CR):** Set-off vouchers clearing AR against supplier bills.
* **Running Balance Column:** Recalculated after every debit and credit line item.
* **Closing Balance & Aging Summary:** Prominent statement footer displaying the total balance due along with the 30/60/90-day aging breakdown.

### Delivery & Sharing Options
* **High-Definition PDF Generation:** Renders crisp, print-ready bilingual (English & Arabic) PDF statements featuring company letterhead and official stamps.
* **One-Click Email Dispatch:** Send statements directly to customer accounts payable contacts with customizable email templates and attached PDF files.
* **Online Payment Link Integration:** Embed direct payment portal links on the statement so customers can settle invoices immediately via Mada, Visa, Mastercard, or Apple Pay.

---

## 3. Accounts Payable (AP) Aging & Cash Outflow Planning

The AP Aging Report provides treasury directors with complete control over vendor commitments:
* **Early Payment Discounts:** Highlights invoices offering prompt-payment discounts (e.g., 2/10 Net 30).
* **Cash Requirement Forecasting:** Aggregates upcoming vendor disbursements by week and month to prevent liquidity crunches.
* **Supplier Dispute Tracking:** Flag disputed vendor bills to hold automated batch payment releases while retaining standard payment terms on undisputed items.


---

## Fiscal Year Closing, Period Locking & Balance Roll-Forward

**Category:** finance-accounting | **Slug:** `/docs/fiscal-year-closing-and-period-locking` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/fiscal-year-closing-and-period-locking

**Summary:** Manage monthly and annual accounting period closes, enforce immutable period locking against historical tampering, automate year-end Retained Earnings closing entries, and roll forward opening balances.

# Fiscal Year Closing, Period Locking & Balance Roll-Forward

Accurate financial reporting demands strict control over accounting periods. Allowing retroactive edits to transactions in periods that have already been audited, closed, or submitted in statutory VAT filings creates severe compliance liabilities and breaks general ledger integrity.

BIZA's **Fiscal Years & Period Management** module (`/accounting/fiscal-years`) gives chief financial officers and financial controllers rigorous controls to lock closed periods, execute formal year-end closures, and roll forward opening balances into subsequent financial years.

---

## 1. Accounting Periods & Multi-Year Setup

Organizations can configure their fiscal operating calendar to match their corporate bylaws and statutory jurisdiction:
* **Standard Gregorian Calendar:** January 1 – December 31.
* **Custom Fiscal Years:** Flexible start and end dates (e.g., April 1 – March 31 or July 1 – June 30).
* **Multiple Open Years:** Maintain concurrent open fiscal years during year-end audit transitions, allowing day-to-day operations to proceed in the new year while external auditors finalize prior-year adjustments.

---

## 2. Immutable Accounting Period Locking

To protect financial records from accidental or unauthorized modifications:
* **Monthly & Quarterly Period Locks:** Once a monthly management close or quarterly VAT return is finalized, the controller applies a **Period Lock** up to a specified lock date (e.g., `2026-06-30`).
* **Enforced Restrictions:**
  * No new invoices, bills, expenses, or manual journal entries can be backdated into a locked period.
  * Approved vouchers in locked periods cannot be edited, voided, or reversed without explicit dual-authorization unlocking workflows.
  * Preserves statutory compliance for ZATCA, FTA, and external auditor certifications.

---

## 3. Automated Year-End Closing Journal Entry

At the conclusion of an annual audit, closing out the fiscal year requires transferring net operational performance from temporary Profit & Loss accounts into balance sheet equity:

### The Closing Mechanism
1. BIZA aggregates all balances across **Income Accounts (4000 series)** and **Expense Accounts (5000–6000 series)** for the entire fiscal year.
2. An automated, balanced **Year-End Closing Journal Entry** is posted on the final day of the fiscal year:
   * Debits all revenue accounts to bring their balances to zero.
   * Credits all expense accounts to bring their balances to zero.
   * Transfers the net difference (Net Profit or Net Loss) directly to the **Retained Earnings Equity Account (3100)**.

$$\begin{aligned}
\text{DR} \quad & \text{Sales & Service Revenue Accounts (4000)} & \text{SAR } 1,450,000.00 \\
\text{CR} \quad & \text{Cost of Goods Sold & Expenses (5000–6000)} & \text{SAR } 1,020,000.00 \\
\text{CR} \quad & \text{Retained Earnings — Equity (3100)} & \text{SAR } 430,000.00
\end{aligned}$$

---

## 4. Opening Balance Roll-Forward

Once the closing entry is posted, BIZA rolls forward the balance sheet:
* **Zero P&L Starting Balance:** Day 1 of the new fiscal year begins with exact SAR 0.00 balances across all revenue and expense accounts.
* **Balance Sheet Continuity:** Asset, Liability, and Equity account balances automatically roll forward as the opening ledger balances of the new fiscal year.
* **Audit Trail & Permanent Record:** The fiscal year status transitions to **Closed (Audited)**, archiving all financial statements (Trial Balance, P&L, Balance Sheet, General Ledger) as permanent immutable historical records.


---

## Financial Budgeting & Budget vs. Actual Variance Reporting

**Category:** finance-accounting | **Slug:** `/docs/budgeting-and-variance-analysis` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/budgeting-and-variance-analysis

**Summary:** Establish departmental and project budgets across General Ledger accounts, monitor actual expenses in real time, and analyze budget vs. actual variances to prevent cost overruns.

# Financial Budgeting & Budget vs. Actual Variance Reporting

Sustaining corporate profitability requires comparing strategic financial targets against operational reality. BIZA's **Budgeting & Variance Analysis** engine (`/accounting/budgets` and `/accounting/budget-vs-actual`) allows management teams to set cost center and account budgets, monitor burn rates in real time, and enforce preventative spending controls before budget limits are breached.

---

## 1. Budget Creation & Cost Center Granularity

BIZA supports flexible, multi-dimensional budgeting structures:
* **Fiscal Year & Period Scope:** Define annual corporate operating budgets or granular quarterly and monthly spending limits.
* **Account-Level Allocation:** Allocate spending targets across specific General Ledger accounts (e.g., Marketing Travel, IT Software Subscriptions, Office Lease, Subcontractor Labor).
* **Cost Center & Branch Dimensions:** Segment budgets by department (Sales, Operations, Engineering, HR) or geographic branch (Riyadh HQ, Jeddah Branch, Dubai Office), ensuring department heads have clear accountability for their cost centers.

---

## 2. Real-Time Budget Tracking & Expenditure Accumulation

Rather than waiting for month-end accounting cycles, BIZA continuously calculates budget consumption as operational transactions occur:
* **Approved Actual Expenses:** Posted purchase bills, payroll runs, travel expenses, and vendor payments immediately debit against the designated cost center's budget.
* **Committed Expenditures:** Purchase orders that have been approved but not yet billed can be tracked as **Committed Spend**, preventing duplicate order commitments that would exceed remaining budget headroom.

---

## 3. Interactive Budget vs. Actual Reporting

The **Budget vs. Actual Report** (`/accounting/budget-vs-actual`) provides executive management with immediate visual and numerical variance metrics:

| General Ledger Account | Annual Budget | Actual Spend | Variance (SAR) | % Utilized | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **6100 — Software Licenses** | SAR 120,000 | SAR 98,400 | + SAR 21,600 | 82.0% | Normal (Favorable) |
| **6200 — Travel & Lodging** | SAR 80,000 | SAR 86,500 | - SAR 6,500 | 108.1% | Over Budget (Unfavorable) |
| **6300 — Digital Advertising** | SAR 250,000 | SAR 190,000 | + SAR 60,000 | 76.0% | Normal (Favorable) |
| **6400 — Office Utilities** | SAR 45,000 | SAR 44,200 | + SAR 800 | 98.2% | Caution (Threshold Alert) |

### Key Variance Metrics
* **Favorable Variance (+):** Actual spending is less than budgeted, or revenue exceeds targets.
* **Unfavorable Variance (-):** Costs have exceeded allocated thresholds, immediately highlighted with red status badges for rapid executive intervention.
* **Drilldown Capability:** Click any variance number to view the exact line-item invoices, payment vouchers, and journal entries comprising that account's actual spend.

---

## 4. Preventative Spending Approvals

BIZA connects budget thresholds directly to procurement workflows:
* **Warning Alerts on Purchase Orders:** When an employee or purchasing officer drafts a purchase order that would cause an account or cost center to exceed its monthly budget, BIZA displays a non-blocking warning banner indicating the impending overage.
* **Hard Approval Gates:** Organizations can configure approval workflows requiring CFO or managing director approval whenever an order exceeds 100% of the allocated budget limit.


---

## ZATCA Phase 2 E-Invoicing (Fatoora) Compliance & Clearance

**Category:** compliance-tax | **Slug:** `/docs/zatca-phase-2-e-invoicing` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/zatca-phase-2-e-invoicing

**Summary:** Technical guide to Saudi Arabia ZATCA Phase 2 e-invoicing: cryptographic stamp generation, UBL 2.1 XML structure, clearance API, and reporting workflows.

# ZATCA Phase 2 E-Invoicing (Fatoora) Compliance & Clearance

Under Saudi Arabia's Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (ZATCA) regulations, businesses must integrate their ERP and billing systems with the Fatoora platform for Phase 2 (Integration Phase) compliance. BIZA provides an end-to-end native implementation supporting both B2B Clearance and B2C Reporting flows.

---

## 1. Clearance vs. Reporting Workflows

ZATCA defines two distinct document types with separate legal requirements:

| Parameter | Standard Tax Invoice (B2B / B2G) | Simplified Tax Invoice (B2C) |
|---|---|---|
| **Primary Audience** | Companies and government entities | Consumers and retail customers |
| **Workflow** | **Clearance:** Must be sent to ZATCA API and approved *before* delivery to customer | **Reporting:** Issued immediately to customer; reported to ZATCA within 24 hours |
| **Buyer Details** | Mandatory Legal Name, National Address, and VAT/CR Number | Optional for amounts under SAR 1,000 |
| **Visual Stamp** | Cryptographic Stamp + ZATCA Clearance Status | Standard TLV QR Code |
| **Output Document** | XML UBL 2.1 + PDF/A-3 embedded | Printed Thermal/A4 Receipt or digital PDF |

---

## 2. Technical Architecture & Cryptographic Stamping

For every generated invoice, BIZA automatically executes the mandatory cryptographic pipeline:

1. **UBL 2.1 XML Construction:** Invoices are structured in strict compliance with ZATCA XML schemas, including tax categories (S, Z, E, O), supplier/buyer identification schemes, payment means, and line item calculations.
2. **Invoice Hash (SHA-256):** The canonical XML representation is hashed using SHA-256.
3. **Cryptographic Stamp (ECDSA secp256k1):** The hash is signed with the enterprise's private key linked to the active Compliance or Production CSID (Cryptographic Stamp Identifier).
4. **Previous Invoice Hash (PIH) Chaining:** Invoices are cryptographically chained. Each new invoice includes the hash of the preceding invoice, preventing retroactive insertion or tampering with historical records.
5. **Invoice Counter (ICV):** A sequential, unalterable integer counter incremented with every document.
6. **QR Code Generation:** Encodes mandatory Tag-Length-Value (TLV) byte structures:
   * Tag 1: Seller's name
   * Tag 2: Seller's VAT registration number
   * Tag 3: Invoice timestamp (ISO 8601)
   * Tag 4: Invoice total (with VAT)
   * Tag 5: VAT total
   * Tag 6: SHA-256 Invoice Hash
   * Tag 7: Cryptographic Signature
   * Tag 8: ECDSA Public Key (for simplified invoices)

---

## 3. Onboarding & CSID Lifecycle Management

Connecting BIZA to your ZATCA portal requires completing the official device onboarding workflow:

1. **OTP Generation:** Obtain a one-time onboarding password from the ZATCA Fatoora portal.
2. **CSR Generation:** BIZA automatically generates an X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) embedding your Commercial Registration (CR), VAT number, and device identity.
3. **Compliance CSID:** BIZA submits the CSR to ZATCA's compliance endpoint, executes the mandatory test scenarios (Standard Invoice, Simplified Invoice, Debit Note, Credit Note), and verifies clearance.
4. **Production CSID:** Upon passing all compliance checks, BIZA requests the final Production CSID and securely stores the production certificate and private keys.

---

## 4. Bilingual PDF/A-3 Layouts & Archival

* **Bilingual Documents:** Invoices render in full Arabic and English, meeting all statutory language requirements.
* **Embedded XML (PDF/A-3):** Conforms to PDF/A-3 standards, embedding the signed, cleared XML file directly inside the human-readable PDF.
* **10-Year Archival:** All cryptographic artifacts (raw XML, signed XML, ZATCA API response headers, and verification tokens) are preserved in tamper-evident storage for the statutory retention period.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): الفوترة الإلكترونية للمرحلة الثانية من زاتكا (فاتورة): التكامل والاعتماد

---
title: "الفوترة الإلكترونية للمرحلة الثانية من زاتكا (فاتورة): التكامل والاعتماد"
slug: zatca-phase-2-e-invoicing
category: compliance-tax
order: 1
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "الدليل الفني الشامل للامتثال للمرحلة الثانية من الفوترة الإلكترونية (مرحلة الربط والتكامل) في المملكة العربية السعودية: توليد الختم التشفيري، تنسيق UBL 2.1 XML، وتكامل واجهات الربط (API)."
tags: ["زاتكا", "فاتورة", "الفوترة الإلكترونية", "الضرائب", "المملكة العربية السعودية", "الامتثال"]
---

# الفوترة الإلكترونية للمرحلة الثانية من زاتكا (فاتورة): التكامل والاعتماد

تفرض هيئة الزكاة والضريبة والجمارك (ZATCA) في المملكة العربية السعودية متطلبات فنية وتشغيلية صارمة على المنشآت ضمن **المرحلة الثانية (مرحلة الربط والتكامل)** من مشروع الفوترة الإلكترونية «فاتورة».

يوفر نظام بيزا (BIZA) محرك فوترة إلكترونية متكامل ومعتمد، يقوم بإنشاء ومعالجة الفواتير الضريبية وتوقيعها رقمياً وإرسالها إلى منصة زاتكا في الوقت الفعلي عبر مسارات الاعتماد المباشر وإشعار التقارير.

---

## 1. الفواتير الضريبية (B2B) مقابل الفواتير المبسطة (B2C)

يميز نظام زاتكا بين نوعين رئيسيين من الفواتير لكل منهما متطلباته الخاصة:

### 1. الفواتير الضريبية القياسية (بين المنشآت B2B)
* **مسار الاعتماد المسبق (Clearance API):** يجب إرسال الفاتورة بصيغة XML الموقعة رقمياً إلى منصة زاتكا والحصول على الموافقة والختم المشفر الرسمي قبل تسليمها للعميل.
* **البيانات الإلزامية:** الرقم الضريبي للعميل، العنوان الوطني التفصيلي، والرمز البريدي.

### 2. الفواتير الضريبية المبسطة (بين المنشأة والمستهلك B2C)
* **مسار إشعار التقارير (Reporting API):** يتم إصدار الفاتورة فوراً للمستهلك عند نقطة البيع أو إتمام الخدمة، مع التزام النظام برفعها إلى منصة زاتكا خلال 24 ساعة كحد أقصى.
* **رمز الاستجابة السريعة (QR Code):** يجب أن تحتوي النسخة المطبوعة أو الإلكترونية على رمز QR مشفر بتنسيق (TLV - Tag Length Value) يتضمن التوقيع الرقمي والمفتاح العام.

---

## 2. المكونات التشفيرية الإلزامية في بيزا

يقوم محرك بيزا بتوليد كافة المتطلبات التشفيرية لكل فاتورة دون أي تدخل يدوي:
1. **هيكل الفاتورة UBL 2.1 XML:** بناء ملف الفاتورة القياسي المتوافق تماماً مع مخطط الفاتورة المعتمد من زاتكا.
2. **تجزئة الفاتورة (Invoice Hash):** توليد قيمة التجزئة المشفرة باستخدام خوارزمية SHA-256 لحماية الفاتورة من أي تعديل لاحق.
3. **التسلسل والترابط التشفيري (PIH - Previous Invoice Hash):** ربط كل فاتورة تجزئة بالفاتورة السابقة لها في سلسلة غير قابلة للتلاعب، مما يمنع التلاعب بالتواريخ أو حذف الفواتير.
4. **الختم التشفيري (ECDSA Digital Signature):** توقيع الفاتورة باستخدام المفتاح الخاص لجهاز المنشأة وشهادة CSID الصادرة من هيئة الزكاة.
5. **تشفير رمز QR (TLV Encoding):** تشفير اسم المورد، الرقم الضريبي، تاريخ ووقت الإصدار، إجمالي الفاتورة، مبلغ الضريبة، وقيمة التجزئة والختم في رمز الاستجابة السريعة.

---

## 3. دورة حياة شهادة التشفير (CSID)

* **التهيئة والربط (Onboarding):** توليد مفاتيح التشفير (Public/Private Keys) وطلب توقيع الشهادة (CSR) وإدخال رمز OTP من بوابة زاتكا في خطوة واحدة.
* **شهادة الإنتاج (Production CSID):** الانتقال التلقائي من بيئة المحاكاة والاختبار إلى بيئة الإنتاج الحية.
* **التجديد الدوري:** تنبيهات تلقائية قبل انتهاء صلاحية الشهادة وتجديدها بسلاسة لضمان استمرارية إصدار الفواتير دون انقطاع.

---

## 4. الفروقات بين المسودات والفواتير المعتمدة

* **مسودة الفاتورة (Draft):** قابلة للتعديل والتحقق من الأسعار والكميات وحسابات الضريبة دون التأثير على القيود المحاسبية أو منصة زاتكا.
* **الفاتورة المعتمدة (Approved):** عند الاعتماد، يقوم بيزا بقفل الفاتورة نهائياً، حجز الرقم التسلسلي، توليد الختم التشفيري، إنشاء القيود المحاسبية الآلية، ورفع الفاتورة إلى هيئة الزكاة.


---

## VAT Returns, Tax Period Closing & Statutory Filing Reports

**Category:** compliance-tax | **Slug:** `/docs/vat-returns-tax-periods-reporting` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/vat-returns-tax-periods-reporting

**Summary:** Reconcile output tax against input tax: automated Saudi ZATCA VAT Return (Box 1-16) generation, UAE FTA VAT 201 reports, and fiscal tax period locking.

# VAT Returns, Tax Period Closing & Statutory Filing Reports

Value Added Tax (VAT) compliance in Saudi Arabia (15%) and the United Arab Emirates (5%) requires accurate segregation of standard-rated supplies, zero-rated exports, exempt sales, and deductible input tax on local purchases and import customs. BIZA compiles official tax return figures automatically from daily operational documents.

---

## 1. Output Tax vs. Input Tax Reconciliation

Tax calculation happens at the point of document creation rather than month-end estimation:
* **Output VAT (Sales):** Recorded automatically when tax invoices and credit notes are issued to customers.
* **Input VAT (Purchases & Expenses):** Recorded when supplier bills, import declarations, and expenses are approved with valid tax invoices.
* **Net Tax Liability:**
  $$\text{Net VAT Payable / (Refund)} = \text{Total Output VAT} - \text{Total Recoverable Input VAT}$$

---

## 2. ZATCA Official Return Form Layout (Saudi Arabia)

BIZA structures tax summaries to match the exact statutory boxes of the ZATCA VAT Return:

### Section A: VAT on Sales (Output Tax)
* **Box 1:** Standard-rated 15% sales to local customers.
* **Box 2:** Sales to registered taxpayers in other GCC states.
* **Box 3:** Zero-rated local supplies (qualifying medical supplies, transport).
* **Box 4:** Export supplies outside GCC territory.
* **Box 5:** Exempt supplies (qualifying financial services, residential leases).

### Section B: VAT on Purchases (Input Tax)
* **Box 7:** Standard-rated 15% local purchases.
* **Box 8:** Imports subject to VAT paid at customs.
* **Box 9:** Imports subject to VAT under the Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM).
* **Box 10:** Zero-rated purchases.
* **Box 11:** Exempt purchases.

---

## 3. Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) for Foreign Services

When purchasing software, consulting, or engineering services from non-resident suppliers outside Saudi Arabia or UAE:
* **Automatic Dual Booking:** BIZA accounts for VAT under the Reverse Charge Mechanism without supplier tax registration.
* **Simultaneous Debit & Credit:** Recognizes both Output VAT Liability and Recoverable Input VAT on the same voucher, ensuring full compliance without manual journal workarounds.

---

## 4. Tax Period Locking & Audit File Export

To prevent audit discrepancies after submitting a statutory tax return:
* **Lock Tax Period:** Close the month or quarter in BIZA. This freezes the tax period and prevents retroactive editing or addition of invoices dated in that period.
* **ZATCA Audit File:** Export the complete line-by-line transaction register (including invoice hashes, buyer tax IDs, and clearance codes) ready for submission during official tax audits.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): إقرارات ضريبة القيمة المضافة، إقفال الفترات الضريبية، والتقارير النظامية

---
title: "إقرارات ضريبة القيمة المضافة، إقفال الفترات الضريبية، والتقارير النظامية"
slug: vat-returns-tax-periods-reporting
category: compliance-tax
order: 2
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "مطابقة ضريبة المخرجات وضريبة المدخلات: توليد إقرار ضريبة القيمة المضافة لهيئة الزكاة السعودية (الخانات 1-16)، تقارير الهيئة الاتحادية للضرائب في الإمارات، وإقفال الفترات الضريبية المحكم."
tags: ["ضريبة القيمة المضافة", "زاتكا", "الإقرار الضريبي", "الضرائب", "السعودية", "الإمارات", "الامتثال"]
---

# إقرارات ضريبة القيمة المضافة، إقفال الفترات الضريبية، والتقارير النظامية

تتطلب قوانين ضريبة القيمة المضافة في المملكة العربية السعودية (بنسبة 15%) ودولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة (بنسبة 5%) مطابقة دقيقة بين ضريبة المخرجات المحصلة من المبيعات وضريبة المدخلات المدفوعة على المشتريات والمصروفات المؤهلة.

يوفر بيزا (BIZA) لوحة تحكم متطورة لضريبة القيمة المضافة (`/vat`) تتيح تتبع الالتزامات الضريبية لحظة بلحظة، إعداد نموذج الإقرار الضريبي الرسمي، إقفال الفترات الضريبية لحمايتها من التعديل بأثر رجعي، ومطابقة الرصيد الصافي المستحق للسداد أو الاسترداد.

---

## 1. نموذج إقرار ضريبة القيمة المضافة السعودي (الخانات 1 إلى 16)

يُنشئ بيزا تقرير الإقرار الضريبي مطابقاً تماماً لترتيب وخانات بوابة هيئة الزكاة والضريبة والجمارك:

### ضريبة القيمة المضافة على المبيعات (ضريبة المخرجات):
* **الخانة 1:** المبيعات الخاضعة للنسبة الأساسية (15%).
* **الخانة 2:** المبيعات للمواطنين (الخدمات الصحية الخاصة والتعليم الأهلي).
* **الخانة 3:** المبيعات الخاضعة للنسبة الصفرية (الصادرات والخدمات المؤهلة).
* **الخانة 4:** المبيعات المعفاة من الضريبة.
* **الخانة 5:** إجمالي المبيعات وضريبة المخرجات المحسوبة.

### ضريبة القيمة المضافة على المشتريات (ضريبة المدخلات):
* **الخانة 7:** المشتريات الخاضعة للنسبة الأساسية (15%) المستردة بالكامل.
* **الخانة 8:** الاستيرادات الخاضعة للضريبة والمدفوعة في الجمارك أو عبر آلية الاحتساب العكسي (RCM).
* **الخانة 9:** المشتريات الخاضعة للنسبة الصفرية.
* **الخانة 10:** المشتريات المعفاة.
* **الخانة 11:** إجمالي المشتريات وضريبة المدخلات القابلة للاسترداد.

### صافي الضريبة المستحقة (الخانة 14):
* حساب الفارق الرياضي بدقة: **ضريبة المخرجات - ضريبة المدخلات**.
* في حال كانت النتيجة موجبة، يحدد النظام المبلغ الواجب سداده للهيئة؛ وفي حال كانت سالبة، يحدد الرصيد الدائن المؤهل للاسترداد أو الترحيل للفترة القادمة.

---

## 2. آلية الاحتساب العكسي (Reverse Charge Mechanism - RCM)

عند استيراد خدمات برمجية أو استشارية أو سلع من خارج المملكة:
* يقوم بيزا باحتساب ضريبة المخرجات وضريبة المدخلات ذاتياً في نفس القيد دون حركة نقدية للجمارك.
* يدرج المبلغ في الخانة 8 (الاستيرادات الخاضعة لآلية الاحتساب العكسي) لحماية المنشأة من الغرامات الزكوية.

---

## 3. إقفال الفترة الضريبية وتجميد السجلات

بعد تقديم الإقرار الضريبي وسداده عبر منصة «سداد»:
1. يقوم المدير المالي بإجراء **إقفال الفترة الضريبية** (Quarterly / Monthly Lock).
2. يقفل بيزا كافة فواتير المبيعات وفواتير الشراء والإشعارات الدائنة والمدينة الواقعة ضمن الفترة.
3. يمنع النظام تماماً أي تعديل أو إلغاء أو إضافة بأثر رجعي على تلك الفترة، مما يضمن تطابقاً مطلقاً بين دفاتر الحسابات والإقرارات الرسمية المرفوعة.


---

## Projects, Milestone Billing & Field Expense Capture

**Category:** projects-operations | **Slug:** `/docs/projects-milestone-billing-field-expenses` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/projects-milestone-billing-field-expenses

**Summary:** Manage client projects, contracts, milestone billing schedules, labor timesheets, and mobile/email site expense capture mapped directly to project cost centers.

# Projects, Milestone Billing & Field Expense Capture

Small-to-medium businesses in contracting, consulting, engineering, and field services require project accounting that bridges site operations with the financial ledger. BIZA connects project execution directly to accounting: track project phases, bill against contractual milestones, log field labor hours, and capture site expenses on the go.

---

## 1. Project Setup & Cost Center Allocation

Every project in BIZA acts as an analytical cost center. When a project is initialized:
* **Contract Value & Currency:** Set the total contract sum in SAR, AED, USD, or other supported currencies.
* **Cost Center Linkage:** The project is assigned a dedicated analytical cost center. Every invoice, purchase entry, expense, or timesheet tagged with the project updates its actual cost and margin in real time.
* **Customer Linkage:** Directly tied to the client's master record for consolidated receivables and Statements of Account (SOA).

---

## 2. Milestone Billing Schedules

Unlike simple recurring monthly retainers, contracting and engineering projects are billed when contractual deliverables or percentage-of-completion thresholds are verified.

### How Milestone Billing Works
1. **Define Milestones:** Set up contractual stages with target dates, completion percentages, or fixed currency amounts (e.g., *Phase 1: Mobilization & Design (20%)*, *Phase 2: Structural Framing (40%)*, *Phase 3: Final Handover (40%)*).
2. **Progress Verification:** Mark a milestone as achieved. Attach site inspection certificates, sign-off memos, or client approval documents.
3. **One-Click Invoice Generation:** Click **Bill Milestone**. BIZA automatically generates a draft Tax Invoice pre-populated with:
   * Client details and VAT registration numbers (ZATCA/FTA compliant).
   * Exact contractual milestone description and line item amount.
   * Applicable VAT rates (15% Saudi Arabia, 5% UAE).
   * Retention money deductions (if applicable, held in a dedicated balance sheet retention account).
4. **Approval & Posting:** Once reviewed, approving the invoice posts to Accounts Receivable and generates the compliant e-invoice XML and QR code.

---

## 3. Field Expenses & Site Receipt Capture

Site supervisors, project managers, and field technicians frequently incur local expenses: emergency hardware, fuel, materials, transport, and equipment rentals. 

### Multi-Channel Ingestion
BIZA eliminates lost paper receipts and manual spreadsheet logs through dual-channel capture:
* **Mobile / Web Photo Upload:** Take a photo of the cash receipt or supplier voucher directly from a mobile device or desktop.
* **Email Ingestion:** Forward receipts, invoices, or delivery slips directly to your workspace email (e.g., `invoices@company.biza.email`).

### AI Extraction & Cost Tagging
1. **Automated Parsing:** AI-powered OCR extracts supplier name, date, currency, line items, VAT breakdown, and total.
2. **Project Tagging:** Select the project cost center and expense category (e.g., *Site Materials*, *Equipment Rental*, *Subcontractor Labor*).
3. **Draft Review:** BIZA creates an **Expense Draft**. The draft displays the original scanned receipt alongside extracted fields and confidence indicators.
4. **Approval Gate:** The finance team or project director reviews and approves the expense. Upon approval:
   * Debits the Project Cost account in the General Ledger.
   * Credits Cash, Petty Cash, or Accounts Payable.
   * Updates the project's actual vs. budgeted cost analysis.

---

## 4. Labor Hours & Timesheet Tracking

Accurate project margin calculation requires factoring in employee and contractor time.
* **Weekly / Daily Timesheets:** Employees or supervisors record hours worked by project and task.
* **Internal Cost Rates:** Each employee profile can carry a private internal labor cost rate (standard hourly rate + overhead).
* **Cost vs. Billable Hours:** Track non-billable project overhead alongside billable hours for time-and-materials contracts.
* **Direct Payroll Linkage:** Approved project hours feed into the monthly WPS payroll run.

---

## 5. Real-Time Project P&L & Margins

Because all project transactions (milestone invoices, material purchases, field expenses, and labor costs) share the same underlying General Ledger:
* **Earned Value & Profitability:** Instantly view revenue recognized vs. total actual costs incurred.
* **Budget vs. Actual Variance:** Track material cost overruns or labor slippage before project completion.
* **Work in Progress (WIP):** Accurately account for unbilled deliverables at period close.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): إدارة المشاريع، الفوترة بالأشواط (Milestones)، وتتبع مصاريف الموقع

---
title: "إدارة المشاريع، الفوترة بالأشواط (Milestones)، وتتبع مصاريف الموقع"
slug: projects-milestone-billing-field-expenses
category: projects-operations
order: 1
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "إدارة عقود المشاريع الإنشائية والاستشارية، جداول الفوترة بالأشواط والمستخلصات، تسجيل ساعات العمل، وتوثيق مصاريف الموقع عبر البريد والجوال وربطها بمراكز تكلفة المشاريع."
tags: ["المشاريع", "المقاولات", "المستخلصات", "المصروفات", "مراكز التكلفة", "ساعات العمل"]
---

# إدارة المشاريع، الفوترة بالأشواط (Milestones)، وتتبع مصاريف الموقع

تواجه شركات المقاولات، والخدمات الهندسية، والاستشارات المهنية صعوبة مستمرة في ضبط تكاليف المشاريع الميدانية ومطابقتها مع جداول الدفعات والمستخلصات المعتمدة من العملاء.

يوفر نظام بيزا (BIZA) وحدة متكاملة لإدارة المشاريع (`/projects`) تجمع بين تتبع مراحل الإنجاز، وإصدار فواتير المستخلصات بنقرة واحدة، وتسجيل ساعات العمل، والتقاط مصاريف الموقع الميدانية لحظياً عبر البريد الإلكتروني أو كاميرا الجوال دون أي تأخير.

---

## 1. هيكلة عقود المشاريع والأشواط (Milestones)

* **بيانات العقد وقيمته الإجمالية:** تحديد العميل، نطاق العمل، تاريخ البدء والتسليم، وقيمة العقد المعتمدة شاملة أو غير شاملة لضريبة القيمة المضافة.
* **جدول الأشواط والدفعات:** تقسيم قيمة المشروع إلى أشواط قابلة للقياس (مثال: الدفعة المقدمة 10%، إتمام الأعمال الترابية 25%، الهيكل الإنشائي 35%، التسليم النهائي 30%).
* **ربط المهام بمراكز التكلفة:** كل مرحلة ترتبط بمركز تكلفة تحليلي مستقل داخل شجرة الحسابات العامة، مما يتيح استخراج قائمة أرباح وخسائر مستقلة لكل مشروع على حدة.

---

## 2. التقاط مصاريف الموقع الميدانية عبر البريد والهاتف

بدلاً من ضياع الفواتير الورقية في مواقع العمل:
1. **الالتقاط بالهاتف الذكي:** يفتح مهندس الموقع واجهة بيزا من الجوال ويلتقط صورة لفاتورة الوقود أو شراء المواد الطارئة.
2. **إعادة التوجيه عبر البريد:** إعادة توجيه الفواتير الرقمية وعقود تأجير المعدات إلى بريد المنشأة المخصص (`inbox@company.biza.email`).
3. **الاستخراج الآلي للمسودة:** يقرأ محرك الذكاء الاصطناعي اسم المورد، التاريخ، والتفاصيل والضريبة (15%)، وينشئ مسودة سند صرف مقيدة بالمشروع والمهمة المعنية.

---

## 3. إصدار فواتير المستخلصات المعتمدة بضغطة زر

عند إنجاز أي شوط تعاقدي واعتماده من استشاري العميل:
* يفتح مدير المشروع شاشة العقد وينقر **إصدار فاتورة الشوط**.
* يقوم بيزا باحتساب المبلغ المستحق آلياً، واحتساب ضريبة القيمة المضافة (15%)، وإصدار فاتورة ضريبية نظامية معتمدة من هيئة الزكاة (زاتكا) مشفرة برمز الاستجابة السريعة (QR).
* إرفاق تقارير الإنجاز وسجلات المصاريف المعتمدة كملفات داعمة للفاتورة بضغطة واحدة.


---

## Project Change Orders & Subcontractor Cost Management

**Category:** projects-operations | **Slug:** `/docs/project-change-orders-subcontractors` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/project-change-orders-subcontractors

**Summary:** Manage project contract variations, formal change order approvals, subcontractor work orders, milestone progress certifications, retention money deductions, and back-to-back client billing.

# Project Change Orders & Subcontractor Cost Management

In contracting, construction, engineering, and enterprise consulting, initial project contracts rarely remain static. Unforeseen site conditions, client scope additions, and engineering revisions require formal contractual variations. Simultaneously, managing specialized subcontractors requires strict verification of milestone deliverables, retention money withholdings, and back-to-back cost recovery.

BIZA provides comprehensive **Change Order Management** (`/projects/:id/change-orders`) and **Subcontractor Administration** (`/subcontractors`) tools designed to protect project gross margins and eliminate unapproved scope creep.

---

## 1. Project Change Orders (Variation Orders)

When a client or site supervisor requests an adjustment to original deliverables, BIZA formalizes the change through a structured variation workflow:

### Key Change Order Attributes
* **Scope Definition & Technical Justification:** Detailed narrative describing the architectural, mechanical, or functional revisions requested.
* **Cost & Price Impact:**
  * **Direct Cost Impact:** Additional labor hours, specialized equipment rentals, raw material requisitions, and subcontractor fees.
  * **Client Billing Adjustment:** Revised contract price, profit markup, and revised billing milestone schedules.
* **Schedule Impact:** Additional working days or adjusted project completion deadlines.

### Formal Approval Gate
* Change orders remain in **Draft / Submitted** status until approved by authorized stakeholders (Project Director, Client Representative).
* Upon approval, BIZA automatically updates the project's **Revised Contract Value**, **Baseline Budget**, and downstream milestone billing schedules. Unapproved variation orders cannot generate customer invoices.

---

## 2. Subcontractor Work Orders & Milestone Certifications

Managing third-party trade subcontractors (e.g., electrical, plumbing, civil foundations, software engineering) requires strict verification before disbursement:

1. **Subcontractor Agreements:** Define subcontractor trade specializations, agreed unit rates, milestone deliverables, and payment terms.
2. **Work Completion Certifications:** Site supervisors inspect and record actual physical progress (e.g., 40% civil works completed) before the subcontractor submits a payment claim.
3. **Automated 3-Way Match:** Subcontractor progress invoices are matched against the approved work order and supervisor site certification, preventing over-billing.

---

## 3. Retention Money Withholding & Release

In contracting and construction, withholding a statutory or contractual retention percentage (typically 5% to 10%) protects against latent defects:
* **Automated Retention Deduction:** When a subcontractor invoice is processed, BIZA automatically deducts the configured retention percentage, booking the net amount to Accounts Payable and the withheld balance to a dedicated **Retention Payable Liability Account (2050)**.
* **Defect Liability Period (DLP) Tracking:** Records the warranty and maintenance period (e.g., 12 months post-handover).
* **Final Retention Release Voucher:** Upon successful issuance of the Final Completion Certificate, BIZA generates a retention release payment voucher, releasing the retained funds back to the subcontractor.

---

## 4. Back-to-Back Client Billing & Cost Recovery

Subcontractor costs and approved variation orders link directly to customer accounts:
* **Cost Code Linkage:** Every subcontractor timesheet, material purchase, and equipment rental is tagged with the specific project task and cost center.
* **One-Click Milestone Invoicing:** Approved change orders and certified subcontractor progress claims feed directly into BIZA's customer invoicing engine, enabling timely, transparent milestone billing with attached supporting documentation.


---

## Multi-Warehouse Inventory & Landed Cost Valuation

**Category:** inventory-procurement | **Slug:** `/docs/multi-warehouse-inventory-valuation` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/multi-warehouse-inventory-valuation

**Summary:** Track stock across multiple warehouses, manage transfers, automate reorder points, allocate landed costs, and maintain accurate inventory valuations.

# Multi-Warehouse Inventory & Landed Cost Valuation

For retail, distribution, and manufacturing businesses, inventory is both an operational necessity and a major balance sheet asset. BIZA links physical stock movements directly to accounting valuation, providing real-time visibility across multiple branches, warehouses, and storage locations.

---

## 1. Multi-Warehouse Architecture

Track items across any number of physical or virtual locations:
* **Central Warehouses & Distribution Centers:** High-volume storage and supplier receiving points.
* **Retail Branches & Showrooms:** Location-specific inventory levels for point-of-sale and showroom sales.
* **Vehicles / Field Vans:** Mobile stock locations for technicians or van-sale operations.
* **Consignment & Transit Locations:** Track goods currently in transit between warehouses or on consignment with partners.

---

## 2. Stock Movements & Traceability

Every inventory movement generates an auditable stock ledger entry:
* **Stock Transfers:** Two-step transfer workflows (Dispatch from Warehouse A -> In Transit -> Receipt at Warehouse B) to prevent missing goods.
* **Batch & Serial Number Tracking:** Track perishable batches with expiry dates or high-value serialized equipment for warranty management.
* **Stock Adjustments:** Physical inventory cycle counts and write-offs with mandatory reason codes and approval gates.
* **Reorder Points & Safety Stock:** Configure minimum threshold alerts by warehouse; automatically draft purchase orders when available stock falls below safety levels.

---

## 3. Landed Cost Allocation

A product's true cost is rarely just the purchase price on the supplier's invoice. Freight, customs duties, port handling, and insurance must be capitalized into inventory value to maintain true gross margins.

### The Landed Cost Voucher
1. **Link Purchase Entries:** Select the goods receipt or purchase entries associated with an import shipment.
2. **Add Additional Costs:** Enter freight charges, customs fees, transport, and insurance vouchers.
3. **Allocation Methods:** Allocate costs proportionally across line items based on:
   * **Item Value:** Proportional to item purchase cost.
   * **Item Quantity:** Proportional to unit count.
   * **Weight / Volume:** Proportional to gross weight or cubic volume (CBM).
4. **General Ledger Update:**
   * Debits the Inventory Asset account by the allocated additional charges.
   * Credits the Landed Cost Clearing / Accrual account.
   * Updates the moving average cost of each SKU in the stock ledger.

---

## 4. Inventory Valuation Methods

BIZA supports standard inventory accounting principles:
* **Moving Weighted Average Cost:** Re-evaluates unit cost dynamically upon each purchase entry and landed cost allocation.
* **Periodic Stock Valuation Report:** Real-time balance breakdown by category, warehouse, and SKU for monthly financial reconciliation.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): إدارة المستودعات المتعددة، التحويلات المخزنية، وتقييم المخزون

---
title: "إدارة المستودعات المتعددة، التحويلات المخزنية، وتقييم المخزون"
slug: multi-warehouse-inventory-valuation
category: inventory-procurement
order: 1
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "تتبع المخزون عبر فروع ومستودعات متعددة، إدارة التحويلات وحالات البضاعة في الطريق، ضبط نقاط إعادة الطلب الآلية، وتوزيع التكاليف المضافة وفق المعايير المحاسبية الدولية."
tags: ["المستودعات", "المخزون", "التحويلات", "تقييم المخزون", "التكلفة المرجحة", "سلاسل الإمداد"]
---

# إدارة المستودعات المتعددة، التحويلات المخزنية، وتقييم المخزون

تتطلب الشركات التجارية وشركات التوزيع والمصانع رقابة صارمة على حركة الأصناف عبر مختلف الفروع والمستودعات الإقليمية لضمان عدم نفاد المخزون وحساب تكلفة البضاعة المباعة (COGS) بدقة.

يوفر نظام بيزا (BIZA) محركاً متقدماً لإدارة المخزون (`/inventory`) يدعم المستودعات اللامحدودة، وتتبع البضائع في الطريق، وتحديد مستويات الأمان وإعادة الطلب، والتقييم المحاسبي المستمر وفق المتوسط المرجح.

---

## 1. شجرة المستودعات وتوزيع الأصناف

* **مستودعات رئيسية وفروع:** تهيئة مواقع تخزين متعددة (مستودع الرياض المركزي، مستودع جدة، مستودع الدمام، معارض البيع بالتجزئة).
* **أرصدة لحظية لكل موقع:** استعراض الكميات الفعلية المتاحة للبيع، الكميات المحجوزة لأوامر البيع المعتمدة، والكميات المطلوبة من الموردين.
* **تتبع الأرقام التسلسلية ورقم التشغيلة (Batch/Lot Tracking):** متابعة تواريخ انتهاء الصلاحية للمنتجات الغذائية والدوائية ورصد الأرقام التسلسلية للمعدات والإلكترونيات.

---

## 2. التحويلات المخزنية وتتبع البضائع في الطريق (In-Transit)

لمنع الفقد أو العجز المخزني أثناء النقل بين المدن:
1. **أمر التحويل:** ينشئ المستودع المرسل طلب تحويل محدد الأصناف والكميات.
2. **سند الصرف وحالة البضاعة في الطريق:** عند خروج الشاحنة، يُنقل المخزون محاسبياً إلى حساب وسيط (`1250 — بضاعة في الطريق`) ويخرج من الرصيد المتاح للمستودع المرسل.
3. **سند الاستلام:** عند وصول الشحنة، يفحص المستودع المستلم البضاعة ويثبت استلامها الفعلي، ليتحول الرصيد إلى المستودع الجديد ويغلق الحساب الوسيط آلياً.

---

## 3. تقييم المخزون والتكلفة اللحظية

* **طريقة المتوسط المتحرك المرجح (Moving Average):** يعيد النظام احتساب تكلفة الوحدة تلقائياً مع كل سند إدخال مشتريات أو تعديل تكلفة إضافية.
* **القيود المحاسبية الآلية:** مع كل سند تسليم مبيعات، يولد بيزا تلقائياً قيد تكلفة المبيعات:
  $$\text{مدين: تكلفة البضاعة المباعة (5000)} \quad / \quad \text{دائن: أصل المخزون (1200)}$$


---

## Procurement Lifecycle: From RFQ to 3-Way Matching & Payment

**Category:** inventory-procurement | **Slug:** `/docs/procurement-rfq-to-payment` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/procurement-rfq-to-payment

**Summary:** End-to-end procurement workflows: Request for Quotation (RFQ), supplier quote comparisons, Purchase Orders, Goods Receipts, and 3-way invoice matching.

# Procurement Lifecycle: From RFQ to 3-Way Matching & Payment

Effective procurement prevents uncontrolled spending, secures favorable supplier pricing, and ensures that businesses only pay for goods they actually received. BIZA provides a structured procurement pipeline connecting requests, purchase orders, warehouse receiving, and accounts payable.

---

## 1. Request for Quotation (RFQ) & Supplier Bidding

When sourcing materials or services:
* **Create RFQ:** Define required SKUs, quantities, specifications, delivery location, and submission deadlines.
* **Multi-Supplier Dispatch:** Send the RFQ simultaneously to multiple approved vendors via email directly from BIZA.
* **Supplier Quotation Comparison:** Enter vendor bids to view side-by-side comparison tables evaluating price per unit, delivery lead times, payment terms, and minimum order quantities.

---

## 2. Purchase Orders (PO) & Approval Gates

Once the preferred supplier quotation is selected:
* **PO Generation:** Convert the accepted quotation into a Purchase Order with one click.
* **Threshold Approval Rules:** Configure automated approval routing based on company financial controls (e.g., POs under SAR 10,000 approved by department manager; POs over SAR 50,000 require CFO / General Manager sign-off).
* **Vendor Confirmation:** Transmit the finalized bilingual PO (PDF/Email) to the supplier.

---

## 3. Goods Receipt / Purchase Entry

When goods physically arrive at the destination warehouse:
* **Warehouse Receiving:** Staff create a **Purchase Entry / Goods Receipt** against the open PO.
* **Quantity Verification:** Record received quantities vs. ordered quantities. Handle partial deliveries, damaged items, and backorders cleanly.
* **Stock Ledger Update:** Increases on-hand stock quantities at the designated warehouse location and debits Inventory Stock In Hand.

---

## 4. 3-Way Matching & Supplier Bill Verification

Before finance releases payment, BIZA facilitates rigorous **3-Way Matching**:
1. **Purchase Order:** Validates agreed unit price and approved order quantities.
2. **Purchase Entry / Goods Receipt:** Validates actual physical items received into the warehouse.
3. **Supplier Invoice:** Validates supplier billing totals, VAT calculation, and payment terms.

### Discrepancy Safeguards
If the supplier invoice charges a higher price than the PO or bills for more items than the warehouse received:
* BIZA flags the line item with a **Variance Alert**.
* The voucher requires explicit management approval before it can be scheduled for payment.

---

## 5. Settlement & Supplier Statement of Account (SOA)

* **Payment Voucher:** Generate payment entries against single or multiple bills (cash, cheque, bank transfer).
* **AP Aging:** Real-time visibility into supplier obligations across aging buckets (Current, 1-30 days, 31-60 days, 60+ days).
* **Supplier SOA:** Generate complete statements of account in Arabic and English for periodic vendor reconciliations.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): دورة المشتريات: من طلب عروض الأسعار (RFQ) إلى المطابقة الثلاثية والسداد

---
title: "دورة المشتريات: من طلب عروض الأسعار (RFQ) إلى المطابقة الثلاثية والسداد"
slug: procurement-rfq-to-payment
category: inventory-procurement
order: 2
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "إدارة دورة المشتريات المؤسسية: مقارنة عروض أسعار الموردين، أوامر الشراء المعتمدة، سندات استلام البضائع، والمطابقة الثلاثية لمنع الدفع الزائد."
tags: ["المشتريات", "أوامر الشراء", "الموردين", "المطابقة الثلاثية", "استلام البضائع", "الرقابة المالية"]
---

# دورة المشتريات: من طلب عروض الأسعار (RFQ) إلى المطابقة الثلاثية والسداد

تتطلب الرقابة على سلاسل الإمداد ومصروفات المشتريات في المنشآت المتوسطة والكبيرة مساراً تدقيقياً محكماً يضمن الحصول على أفضل الأسعار ومنع سداد فواتير لم يتم استلام بضائعها بالفعل.

يوفر نظام بيزا (BIZA) دورة مشتريات إلكترونية مغلقة (`/procurement`) تبدأ من طلب الأسعار وتنتهي بسداد فواتير الموردين مع مطابقة ثلاثية صارمة.

---

## 1. طلبات عروض الأسعار ومقارنة الموردين (RFQ)

* **إنشاء طلب تسعير:** تحديد مواصفات وكميات الأصناف المطلوبة وإرسالها لمجموعة من الموردين المعتمدين بضغطة زر.
* **جدول مقارنة الأسعار:** تفريغ عروض الأسعار الواردة في جدول مقارنة موحد يوضح السعر الإفرادي، فترات التسليم، شروط السداد، وموثوقية المورد.
* **الترقية لأمر شراء:** اختيار العرض الفائز وترقيته بضغطة واحدة إلى أمر شراء رسمي دون إعادة كتابة البيانات.

---

## 2. أوامر الشراء ومستويات الصلاحيات

* **أمر الشراء المعتمد (PO):** وثيقة ملزمة قانونياً تُرسل للمورد متضمنة الأسعار المتفق عليها وضريبة القيمة المضافة وموعد التسليم.
* **مصفوفة الاعتمادات المالية:** إمكانية وضع حدود صلاحيات مالية (مثلاً: أوامر الشراء التي تتجاوز 100,000 ريال تتطلب اعتماد المدير المالي).

---

## 3. المطابقة الثلاثية الصارمة (3-Way Matching)

يقوم محرك بيزا بمقارنة ثلاثة مستندات قبل السماح بصرف أي دفعة للمورد:
1. **أمر الشراء (PO):** ما تم الاتفاق على شرائه وسعره.
2. **سند استلام البضاعة (GRN):** ما تم فحصه واستلامه فعلياً في المستودع.
3. **فاتورة المورد (Supplier Bill):** ما يطالب المورد بسداده مالياً.

إذا وُجد أي فارق في الكميات أو زيادة غير مبررة في الأسعار، يقوم بيزا بتعليق الفاتورة وتنبيه قسم الحسابات فوراً لمنع التكرار أو السداد الخاطئ.


---

## Landed Cost Adjustments & Inventory Capitalization

**Category:** inventory-procurement | **Slug:** `/docs/landed-cost-adjustments-valuation` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/landed-cost-adjustments-valuation

**Summary:** Capitalize international freight, customs clearance, tariffs, and shipping insurance into inventory asset values and Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) with multi-criteria apportionment.

# Landed Cost Adjustments & Inventory Capitalization

When importing merchandise or acquiring industrial raw materials, the purchase price paid to the overseas vendor is only one component of true inventory acquisition cost. Companies routinely incur significant third-party expenditures, including ocean/air freight, customs tariffs, port demurrage, clearance agent fees, transport insurance, and local inland haulage.

Under standard accounting frameworks (IFRS and SOCPA), these ancillary acquisition costs cannot simply be expensed into administrative overhead—they must be **capitalized** into inventory asset values and cost of goods sold (COGS). BIZA's **Landed Cost Adjustments** module (`/procurement/landed-cost-adjustments`) automates this complex accounting process.

---

## 1. The Landed Cost Problem: Delayed Ancillary Bills

In international trade, goods frequently arrive at the warehouse weeks before final clearance and freight invoices are delivered by logistics carriers:
* **The Valuation Risk:** If inventory is received and sold before freight is capitalized, product profit margins appear artificially inflated, followed by an unexpected margin collapse when carrier bills arrive.
* **BIZA's Solution:** BIZA allows warehouses to receive inventory immediately at estimated or purchase bill values, and subsequently apply **Landed Cost Adjustment Vouchers** that retrospectively adjust item moving average costs and update Cost of Goods Sold for items already sold.

---

## 2. Multi-Criteria Apportionment Engine

When applying a consolidated freight bill (e.g., USD 4,200.00 ocean container freight) across a shipment containing diverse products, costs must be distributed proportionally. BIZA provides three mathematical apportionment methods:

1. **By Item Value (Pro-Rata):**
   * Allocates cost based on the relative monetary value of each line item.
   * Ideal for customs tariffs and ad-valorem import duties that are assessed as a percentage of CIF value.
2. **By Item Weight (Gross/Net Weight):**
   * Allocates cost based on total weight (kg / metric tons).
   * Essential for air freight, container shipping, and heavy industrial metals where logistics pricing scales by weight.
3. **By Item Volume (CBM):**
   * Allocates cost based on cubic meters (CBM) consumed in the container or transport truck.
   * Ideal for lightweight, bulky merchandise such as packaging, furniture, and plastic wares.
4. **Manual Allocation:** Custom overrides for specific handling fees or specialized inspection surcharges tied to a single item.

---

## 3. General Ledger Accounting Workflow

When a Landed Cost Adjustment is posted, BIZA executes precise accounting adjustments:

### Scenario:
* An electronics shipment arrives with purchase cost of SAR 100,000.00.
* A freight and customs bill of SAR 15,000.00 arrives from a logistics provider.

### Accounting Journal Entry:
$$\begin{aligned}
\text{DR} \quad & \text{Merchandise Inventory Asset (1200)} & \text{SAR } 15,000.00 \\
\text{CR} \quad & \text{Accounts Payable — Logistics Carrier (2000)} & \text{SAR } 15,000.00
\end{aligned}$$

### What Happens if Goods Were Already Sold?
If 40% of the shipment was already delivered and sold to customers under delivery notes prior to the landed cost voucher:
* BIZA capitalizes 60% (SAR 9,000.00) into remaining on-hand **Inventory Asset**.
* BIZA automatically debits the remaining 40% (SAR 6,000.00) directly to **Cost of Goods Sold (COGS — 5000)**, ensuring financial statements accurately reflect true gross profit without distorting current stock valuation.

---

## 4. Landed Cost Traceability & Profitability Analysis

* **Item Master Valuation:** Automatically updates the item's **Moving Average Unit Cost** (`weighted_average_cost`), ensuring downstream sales quotations and margin calculations use true acquisition costs.
* **Audit Trail & Document Chain:** Links the Landed Cost Adjustment voucher directly to the original Purchase Orders, Goods Receipt Vouchers (GRN), and Logistics Supplier Bills.
* **Product Profitability Reports:** Enables accurate net margin reporting by product line, accounting for shipping, tariffs, and handling overhead.


---

## Sales Lifecycle: Quotations, Sales Orders, Delivery Notes & Invoices

**Category:** sales-crm | **Slug:** `/docs/sales-quotes-to-invoices` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/sales-quotes-to-invoices

**Summary:** Manage the commercial sales cycle: customer quotations, sales order commitments, delivery notes with stock decrement, and tax invoice generation.

# Sales Lifecycle: Quotations, Sales Orders, Delivery Notes & Invoices

From the initial commercial inquiry to receiving payment, BIZA maintains a seamless, auditable sales pipeline that keeps sales representatives, warehouse fulfillment, and finance in complete coordination.

---

## 1. Commercial Quotations & Proposals

Sales teams can quickly prepare branded, bilingual quotations:
* **Customer Lookup:** Auto-populate customer legal details, payment terms, and price list tiers.
* **Line Item Pricing:** Dynamic calculation of unit prices, percentage/amount discounts, and applicable VAT.
* **Validity & Terms:** Specify quotation validity periods, delivery lead times, and terms of payment.
* **One-Click Share:** Send quotes directly via email or export as professional bilingual PDFs (Arabic/English).

---

## 2. Sales Orders (SO) & Stock Reservation

When a customer accepts a proposal:
* **Convert Quote to Order:** One click converts the quotation into an active Sales Order.
* **Stock Allocation & Availability:** Instantly verify whether ordered quantities exist in warehouse stock. BIZA can reserve inventory against the order to prevent double-selling.
* **Credit Limit Enforcement:** If the customer's outstanding balance plus the new order value exceeds their approved credit limit, the system alerts the sales rep and requests credit manager approval.

---

## 3. Delivery Notes & Fulfillment

For businesses that deliver physical goods before issuing the financial tax invoice:
* **Fulfillment Dispatch:** Warehouse teams generate a **Delivery Note / Dispatch Slip** against the Sales Order.
* **Inventory Decrement:** Confirming delivery decrements stock from the specified warehouse and debits Cost of Goods Sold (COGS).
* **Proof of Delivery:** Upload signed customer delivery acknowledgments and gate passes directly to the record.

---

## 4. Tax Invoicing & Accounts Receivable

* **Invoice Generation:** Convert the Sales Order or Delivery Note into a final Tax Invoice.
* **ZATCA Compliance:** In Saudi Arabia, the invoice is processed through the ZATCA Phase 2 clearance engine (B2B) or reporting engine (B2C), embedding the required QR code and cryptographic stamp.
* **Automatic Revenue Posting:**
  * Credits Sales / Revenue accounts.
  * Credits Output VAT Payable (15% in KSA, 5% in UAE).
  * Debits Accounts Receivable (Customer Ledger).

---

## 5. Payments, Credit Notes & Customer Statements

* **Payment Receipts:** Record customer settlement via bank transfer, credit card, or cash. Support partial payments and advance deposits.
* **Credit Notes:** Issue compliant credit notes for returns or billing corrections, cryptographically referencing the original invoice as required by tax authorities.
* **AR Aging & Automated Statements:** Track overdue receivables and send customer Statements of Account (SOA) with complete transaction histories.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): دورة المبيعات: من عروض الأسعار إلى أوامر البيع وسندات التسليم والفواتير

---
title: "دورة المبيعات: من عروض الأسعار إلى أوامر البيع وسندات التسليم والفواتير"
slug: sales-quotes-to-invoices
category: sales-crm
order: 1
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "إدارة دورة المبيعات التجارية: عروض أسعار احترافية ثنائية اللغة، حجز المخزون الفوري، سندات تسليم البضائع مع إنقاص المخزون، وإصدار الفواتير الضريبية المعتمدة."
tags: ["المبيعات", "عروض الأسعار", "أوامر البيع", "سندات التسليم", "الفاتورة الضريبية", "إدارة العملاء"]
---

# دورة المبيعات: من عروض الأسعار إلى أوامر البيع وسندات التسليم والفواتير

يضمن التسلسل السليم لدورة المبيعات التجارية حماية حقوق المنشأة ومنع التضارب بين فرق المبيعات ومسؤولي المستودعات وقسم المحاسبة والتحصيل.

يوفر بيزا (BIZA) مسار مبيعات سلس ومترابط (`/sales`) يربط كل خطوة بالخطوة التالية تلقائياً:

---

## 1. عروض الأسعار الاحترافية (Quotations)

* **تصاميم رسمية ثنائية اللغة:** إصدار عروض أسعار احترافية بالعربية والإنجليزية متضمنة شعار المنشأة، الشروط والأحكام، وصلاحية العرض.
* **تحديد الأسعار والخصومات:** تطبيق فئات أسعار مخصصة لكل عميل وحساب نسبة الخصم ومبلغ ضريبة القيمة المضافة 15%.
* **المشاركة السريعة:** إرسال عروض الأسعار عبر البريد الإلكتروني أو مباشرة عبر تطبيق واتساب بضغطة زر واحدة.

---

## 2. أمر البيع وحجز المخزون (Sales Order)

بمجرد موافقة العميل على العرض:
* ترقية العرض بنقرة واحدة إلى **أمر بيع معتمد**.
* **حجز الكميات في المستودع:** يقوم بيزا بحجز الأصناف فوراً لصالح العميل لمنع بيعها لعميل آخر، مع إبقاء المخزون الفعلي في المستودع لحين صدور سند التسليم.

---

## 3. سند التسليم وخروج البضاعة (Delivery Note)

عند قيام موظف المستودع بتجهيز البضاعة وتسليمها لسائق التوصيل أو مندوب العميل:
* إصدار **سند تسليم رسمي (Delivery Note)**.
* يقوم النظام تلقائياً بإنقاص رصيد المخزون الفعلي من المستودع المحدد.
* إنشاء قيد تكلفة البضاعة المباعة (COGS) لحظياً في دفتر الأستاذ العام.

---

## 4. إصدار الفاتورة الضريبية المعتمدة والتحصيل

* **الربط مع سندات التسليم:** إنشاء الفاتورة استناداً إلى سندات التسليم المنفذة فعلياً، مما يمنع النزاعات مع العميل حول الكميات المستلمة.
* **الامتثال لمتطلبات زاتكا:** توليد الفاتورة الضريبية المعتمدة من المرحلة الثانية مع الختم التشفيري ورمز الاستجابة السريعة (QR).
* **تتبع التحصيل:** مراقبة حالة السداد (غير مسدد، مسدد جزئياً، مسدد بالكامل) وتوليد روابط سداد إلكترونية مباشرة للعميل.


---

## WhatsApp Business Integration & Customer CRM

**Category:** sales-crm | **Slug:** `/docs/whatsapp-crm-customer-communication` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/whatsapp-crm-customer-communication

**Summary:** Unify customer communication with ERP records: send tax invoices and payment reminders via WhatsApp, manage customer leads, and convert chats into sales quotes.

# WhatsApp Business Integration & Customer CRM

In the Gulf region and international emerging markets, WhatsApp is the dominant communication channel for B2B and retail transactions. BIZA integrates WhatsApp Business directly into your ERP workflow, turning informal chat conversations into auditable customer relationships, quotations, and instant payment links.

---

## 1. Unified Customer 360° Profile

Every customer record in BIZA connects contact information, operational history, and financial standing:
* **Commercial Identifiers:** Legal business name, commercial registration (CR), VAT registration number, and billing/shipping addresses.
* **Credit Terms & Limits:** Maximum allowable credit exposure, payment terms (e.g. Net 30, Net 60), and customer price list assignments.
* **Unified Timeline:** A chronological activity feed displaying all issued quotations, approved sales orders, delivery notes, cleared tax invoices, and received payments.

---

## 2. WhatsApp Document Delivery & Direct Links

Eliminate email delivery failures and spam filters by communicating with customers where they are already active:
* **One-Click Invoice Delivery:** Send issued ZATCA/FTA tax invoices directly to the customer's verified WhatsApp number as a high-resolution PDF with embedded QR code.
* **Digital Payment Links:** Include direct payment checkout links so customers can settle invoices via mada, Visa, Mastercard, or Apple Pay instantly.
* **Automated Delivery Status:** Track message delivery and read receipts directly within the ERP invoice view.

---

## 3. Automated Payment Reminders & Dunning

Cash flow management depends on timely collections. BIZA automates accounts receivable follow-ups:
* **Pre-Due Alerts:** Send friendly courtesy notifications 3 days before an invoice reaches its contractual due date.
* **Overdue Dunning:** Configurable automated escalation workflows (e.g., 7 days overdue, 15 days overdue, 30 days overdue) with attached updated Statements of Account (SOA).
* **Payment Acknowledgment:** When a customer payment is posted in the ledger, BIZA automatically transmits an official digital payment receipt voucher via WhatsApp.

---

## 4. Chat-to-Quote Workflow

Sales representatives interacting with prospects can generate commercial documents without context switching:
* **Quick Item Lookup:** Search inventory on-hand availability, warehouse locations, and pricing while chatting with the client.
* **Draft Quotation Creation:** Build a multi-item proposal, apply authorized discounts, and dispatch a bilingual PDF quote directly into the WhatsApp conversation thread.
* **Acceptance & Conversion:** When the customer confirms via chat, convert the quote to an active Sales Order with one click.


---

## Point of Sale (POS) & Retail Storefront Checkout

**Category:** sales-crm | **Slug:** `/docs/pos-retail-storefront-checkout` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/pos-retail-storefront-checkout

**Summary:** High-speed retail point-of-sale: barcode scanning, offline register caching, cash/card split tenders, daily Z-reports, and instant simplified tax invoices.

# Point of Sale (POS) & Retail Storefront Checkout

Retail stores, showrooms, and counter-sale businesses require cashier interfaces that are rapid, intuitive, and capable of processing transactions in seconds without risking compliance violations. BIZA POS pairs a keyboard-friendly point-of-sale interface with direct inventory decrement and ZATCA Phase 2 Simplified Tax Invoicing.

---

## 1. High-Speed Cashier Interface

Built for busy retail counters:
* **Barcode Scanner Support:** Plug-and-play compatibility with standard USB and Bluetooth barcode/QR scanners. Scanning instantly adds items to the cart.
* **Quick Item Search & Visual Grid:** Cashiers can search by item name, SKU, or category, or select popular items from visual thumbnail tiles.
* **Weighing Scale & Unit Conversions:** Support for weighed produce, fractional units (kg, meters, liters), and standard packaged units.

---

## 2. Multi-Tender & Split Payments

Customer payments can be split across multiple payment methods within a single receipt:
* **Cash Management:** Quick cash denomination buttons, automated change due calculations.
* **Card & Electronic Payments:** Support for integrated POS card terminals (mada, Visa, Mastercard) with transaction reference capture.
* **Store Credit & Loyalty:** Apply customer loyalty points, promotional discount vouchers, or advance customer deposits.

---

## 3. ZATCA Simplified Tax Invoicing (B2C)

Every completed retail transaction generates a legally compliant Simplified Tax Invoice:
* **Instant Thermal Printing:** Print directly to standard 80mm or 58mm thermal receipt printers without preview dialog lag.
* **Mandatory TLV QR Code:** Includes the cryptographic TLV QR code containing seller name, VAT registration number, timestamp, total with VAT, and VAT amount.
* **Bilingual Arabic/English:** Receipts format cleanly with Arabic and English descriptions side by side.
* **Background Reporting:** BIZA queues the invoice and reports it to the ZATCA Fatoora API within the statutory 24-hour window.

---

## 4. Cashier Shifts & Daily Register Closing (Z-Report)

Maintain tight cash controls across multiple cashiers and shift changes:
* **Opening Float:** Cashiers declare opening cash when starting a shift.
* **Mid-Shift Cash Drops:** Record cash transfers from the register drawer to the secure store safe.
* **Shift Closing (Z-Report):** At the end of the day or shift, the register closes:
  * Generates an official Z-Report summarizing total cash sales, card sales, discounts, refunds, and expected cash in drawer.
  * Captures actual counted cash and flags overages or shortages.
  * Posts a balanced daily summary journal entry to the General Ledger.


---

## Recurring Invoices & Subscription Billing Automation

**Category:** sales-crm | **Slug:** `/docs/recurring-invoices-subscription-billing` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/recurring-invoices-subscription-billing

**Summary:** Automate contract billing schedules: recurring monthly retainers, annual software licenses, rental billing intervals, and automated draft invoice generation.

# Recurring Invoices & Subscription Billing Automation

Businesses providing recurring services—such as property rentals, maintenance contracts, IT support retainers, software licenses, or security services—require automated billing schedules that eliminate manual invoice preparation at the beginning of each billing cycle.

---

## 1. Recurring Profile Configuration

A recurring invoice profile defines the contractual billing template:
* **Customer & Contract Association:** Linked to the customer master record with pre-agreed billing terms and currency.
* **Frequency & Intervals:** Support for weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, quarterly, semi-annual, and annual billing intervals.
* **Effective Date Range:** Configure contract start date and optional expiration date (or set to run indefinitely until cancelled).
* **Line Items & Quantities:** Fixed service fees, recurring item quantities, discount percentages, and statutory VAT rates.

---

## 2. Automated Generation Engine

On scheduled billing days:
* **Background Worker Processing:** The automated scheduler scans active recurring profiles and identifies vouchers due for issuance.
* **Draft Generation Mode (Default):** Generates draft tax invoices with the next sequential invoice number and current billing period dates (e.g., *"Monthly Maintenance Service — October 2026"*).
* **Review & Verification:** Finance teams can review generated drafts before final posting, or configure auto-approval for trusted recurring accounts.

---

## 3. Prorated Cycles & Mid-Month Start

Handle customers who subscribe midway through a billing month:
* **Proration Calculator:** Calculate exact fractional amounts based on days active in the initial cycle.
* **Harmonized Renewal:** Align future renewals to the 1st of the month for clean calendar accounting.

---

## 4. Automatic Delivery & Collection

* **Automated Email & WhatsApp Dispatch:** Automatically transmit finalized tax invoices and payment links to the customer's billing email or mobile.
* **Payment Allocation:** Customer payments clear the open recurring invoice, updating Accounts Receivable and customer statements.


---

## Credit Notes, Debit Notes & Tax Invoice Adjustments

**Category:** sales-crm | **Slug:** `/docs/debit-notes-credit-notes-adjustments` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/debit-notes-credit-notes-adjustments

**Summary:** Handle sales returns, billing adjustments, and supplier refunds with legally compliant credit notes and debit notes cryptographically linked to original invoices.

# Credit Notes, Debit Notes & Tax Invoice Adjustments

Once an official tax invoice has been issued or cleared through tax authorities (such as ZATCA or the UAE FTA), statutory regulations strictly prohibit direct alteration or deletion of the document. Any price correction, returned merchandise, or cancelled transaction must be executed through formal Credit Notes or Debit Notes.

---

## 1. Statutory Cryptographic Linkage

Under ZATCA Phase 2 e-invoicing and GCC VAT rules:
* **Original Invoice Reference:** Every Credit Note and Debit Note must explicitly record the UUID, sequence number, and issue date of the original tax invoice it adjusts.
* **Cryptographic Chaining:** The adjustment voucher receives its own unique cryptographic stamp and is chained into the sequential hash sequence.
* **Reason Codes:** Mandates statutory reason descriptions (e.g., *Goods Returned*, *Defective Merchandise*, *Post-Invoice Discount / Price Correction*, *Cancellation of Contract*).

---

## 2. Customer Credit Notes (Sales Adjustments)

When a customer returns items or receives a post-sale billing reduction:
* **One-Click Creation:** Open the issued invoice in BIZA and select **Issue Credit Note**.
* **Flexible Adjustment Scope:**
  * **Full Reversal:** Reverses the entire invoice value and VAT.
  * **Partial Item Return:** Select specific line items and returned quantities; restores inventory back to the warehouse.
  * **Financial Price Adjustment:** Adjusts only the monetary value or discount without moving physical stock.
* **Accounting Ledger Impact:**
  * Debits Sales Returns or Sales Revenue.
  * Debits Output VAT Payable (reduces VAT tax liability).
  * Credits Accounts Receivable (reduces customer balance or creates an unallocated customer credit balance).

---

## 3. Supplier Debit Notes (Purchasing Adjustments)

When returning defective materials to a vendor or claiming an overcharge:
* **Goods Return to Supplier:** Generate a Debit Note linked to the original Purchase Entry or Supplier Bill.
* **Warehouse Stock Decrement:** Removes returned items from the designated warehouse inventory.
* **Accounts Payable Adjustment:** Decreases outstanding debt owed to the supplier and adjusts Input VAT Receivable in the tax register.

---

## 4. Credit Application & Refund Vouchers

Unallocated credit note balances can be resolved cleanly:
* **Apply to Future Invoices:** Settle subsequent invoices against the open customer credit balance with one click.
* **Cash / Bank Refund:** Issue a formal refund payment voucher transferring funds back to the customer's bank account.


---

## HR Records, Document Expiry Tracking & WPS Payroll Compliance

**Category:** hr-payroll | **Slug:** `/docs/hr-payroll-wps-compliance` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/hr-payroll-wps-compliance

**Summary:** Manage employee profiles, track Iqama/passport/visa document expirations, process leave requests, and run WPS-compliant payroll linked to the general ledger.

# HR Records, Document Expiry Tracking & WPS Payroll Compliance

Managing human resources in the Gulf region involves strict statutory compliance, including document renewals (Iqamas, passports, labor cards), employee benefits, and government Wage Protection System (WPS) requirements. BIZA centralizes employee records and payroll directly alongside accounting.

---

## 1. Employee Profiles & Legal Document Management

Every employee profile acts as the single source of truth for HR data:
* **Identification & Contracts:** National ID / Iqama number, passport number, labor contract details, date of joining, and basic job title.
* **Document Expiry Tracking:** Track renewal dates for critical legal documents:
  * Resident ID / Iqama
  * Passport
  * Commercial / Driving Licenses
  * Medical Insurance Policy & Occupational Cards
* **Proactive Expiry Alerts:** Filter and view all documents expiring within 30, 60, or 90 days to avoid municipal penalties or operational halts.

---

## 2. Leave Management & Attendance

* **Leave Types:** Configure annual leave, sick leave, maternity leave, and unpaid leave allowances in line with local labor laws.
* **Request & Approval:** Employees or managers submit leave requests with start/end dates.
* **Leave Balances:** Automatically updates employee leave balances and feeds into payroll deduction calculations.

---

## 3. Salary Structures & Allowances

Define granular salary components for each employee:
* **Basic Salary:** Base contractual wage.
* **Housing Allowance (HRA):** Standard statutory allowance.
* **Transport & Other Allowances:** Fixed monthly allowances.
* **Social Insurance (GOSI / GPSSA):** Configure employer and employee social insurance contribution percentages.

---

## 4. Monthly Payroll Run & WPS File Generation

Processing monthly salaries is a unified 3-step workflow:
1. **Initialize Payroll Run:** Select month and year. BIZA aggregates active employees, standard salary structures, approved leave deductions, timesheet overtime, and expense reimbursements.
2. **Review & Adjust:** Review draft payslips. Apply bonuses, advance loan deductions, or one-off adjustments.
3. **Generate WPS Bank File:** Export the official Wage Protection System SIF file format for electronic salary submission through corporate banking portals (Mudad, Al Rajhi, SNB, UAE WPS).

---

## 5. Automated Accounting Integration

Approving the payroll run creates a balanced journal entry in the General Ledger:
* **Debits:** Salaries & Wages Expense, Housing Allowance Expense, Transport Expense.
* **Credits:** Salaries Payable, GOSI Contribution Payable, Employee Loan Clearing.
* **Payment Settlement:** When the corporate bank wire is executed, a single payment voucher clears Salaries Payable against the bank account.


### النسخة العربية (Arabic Edition): سجلات الموارد البشرية، تتبع الوثائق، والامتثال لنظام حماية الأجور (WPS)

---
title: "سجلات الموارد البشرية، تتبع الوثائق، والامتثال لنظام حماية الأجور (WPS)"
slug: hr-payroll-wps-compliance
category: hr-payroll
order: 1
updatedAt: "2026-09-20"
summary: "إدارة بيانات الموظفين، تنبيهات انتهاء الإقامات والجوازات، احتساب الرواتب والبدلات، وتوليد ملفات حماية الأجور (WPS SIF) المعتمدة وربطها بدفتر الأستاذ العام."
tags: ["الموارد البشرية", "الرواتب", "حماية الأجور", "WPS", "مدد", "مقيم", "السعودية"]
---

# سجلات الموارد البشرية، تتبع الوثائق، والامتثال لنظام حماية الأجور (WPS)

تفرض وزارة الموارد البشرية والتنمية الاجتماعية في المملكة العربية السعودية والجهات التنظيمية في دول الخليج رقابة مشددة على صرف أجور العاملين من خلال **نظام حماية الأجور (WPS)** عبر منصة «مدد» والبنوك المعتمدة.

يوفر بيزا (BIZA) نظاماً شاملاً لإدارة الموارد البشرية والرواتب، يدمج بين تتبع وثائق العاملين، إدارة عقود العمل، احتساب مستحقات نهاية الخدمة، وتوليد ملفات صرف الرواتب المتوافقة بدقة مع صيغة (SIF) لرفعها مباشرة للبنوك والمنصات الحكومية.

---

## 1. إدارة ملفات الموظفين والوثائق الثبوتية

* **البيانات الشخصية والتعاقدية:** الاسم الثنائي بالعربية والإنجليزية، رقم الهوية الوطنية أو الإقامة، رقم الحدود، المسمى الوظيفي، وتاريخ الالتحاق.
* **تتبع تواريخ انتهاء الوثائق:** رصد صلاحية الإقامات، جوازات السفر، رخص العمل، والتأمين الطبي مع تنبيهات استباقية (قبل 60 و 30 و 15 يوماً) لتفادي الغرامات الحكومية.
* **إدارة الحسابات البنكية:** حفظ أرقام الآيبان (IBAN) المعتمدة للموظفين وربطها برمز البنك المحلي لضمان نجاح التحويلات.

---

## 2. هيكلة الرواتب والبدلات

يتيح النظام تهيئة هياكل أجور مخصصة تشمل:
* **الراتب الأساسي.**
* **بدل السكن وبدل النقل والبدلات الإضافية.**
* **استقطاعات التأمينات الاجتماعية (GOSI):** احتساب حصة الموظف وحصة المنشأة تلقائياً بناءً على النسب النظامية للمواطنين والمقيمين.
* **خصومات الغياب والجزاءات:** تسجيل ساعات التأخير أو أيام الغياب غير المدفوعة وتطبيق الخصم آلياً قبل اعتماد المسير.

---

## 3. توليد ملف مسير الرواتب المعتمد (WPS SIF)

عند إعداد مسير الرواتب الشهري:
1. يقوم مسؤول الموارد البشرية بمراجعة أيام العمل والإجازات والإضافي واعتماد المسير.
2. بضغطة زر واحدة، يُنشئ بيزا ملف صرف الرواتب القياسي المشفر (Salary Information File - SIF):
   * يتضمن رقم المنشأة في وزارة العمل (Establishment MOL ID).
   * رقم الحساب البنكي للمنشأة والرمز المصرفي.
   * تفصيل مبالغ الرواتب الأساسية والبدلات والاستقطاعات ورقم هوية وآيبان كل موظف.
3. يتم تنزيل الملف ورفعه فوراً إلى منصة مدد أو البنك التجاري دون الحاجة لأي تعديل على التنسيق.

---

## 4. القيود المحاسبية الآلية للرواتب

عند اعتماد مسير الرواتب، يُنشئ بيزا تلقائياً قيود الاستحقاق والصرف في دفتر الأستاذ العام:
* **مدين:** حساب مصروف الرواتب والأجور (الأساسي والبدلات).
* **مدين:** حساب مساهمة المنشأة في التأمينات الاجتماعية (GOSI Expense).
* **دائن:** حساب مخصص التأمينات الاجتماعية المستحقة (GOSI Payable).
* **دائن:** حساب الرواتب المستحقة أو الحساب البنكي عند الصرف.


---

## Enterprise Security Architecture, RBAC & Immutable Audit Governance

**Category:** security-platform | **Slug:** `/docs/enterprise-security-and-audit` | **Canonical URL:** https://biza.app/docs/enterprise-security-and-audit

**Summary:** Enterprise security architecture: strict workspace segregation, granular role-based access control (RBAC), approval matrices, and tamper-evident field-level audit trails.

# Enterprise Security Architecture, RBAC & Immutable Audit Governance

Modern enterprise ERP systems safeguard sensitive financial ledgers, customer contracts, payroll details, and tax records. BIZA enforces zero-trust security principles, strict workspace segregation, fine-grained role-based access control (RBAC), and immutable audit trails across every business workflow.

---

## 1. Workspace Segregation & Session Security

BIZA isolates tenant environments through a rigorous security boundary:
* **Cryptographic Token Verification:** Every client request carries a cryptographically signed session token. Requests without verified credentials or valid organization context are rejected at the edge perimeter.
* **Organizational Boundary Checks:** Access to financial vouchers, inventory movements, customer records, and tax filings is strictly bound to authorized organization members. Cross-tenant access is physically impossible.
* **Session Lifecycle Control:** Configurable session timeouts, multi-factor authentication (MFA/2FA) enforcement, and instant credential revocation ensure lost or compromised devices cannot access enterprise ledgers.

---

## 2. Granular Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Organizations can enforce the principle of least privilege using customizable roles and permissions:
* **Standard Business Roles:** Administrator, Financial Controller, Chief Accountant, Sales Manager, Purchasing Officer, Warehouse Supervisor, Project Manager, and Auditor.
* **Separation of Duties (SoD):** Separate permissions exist for drafting, reviewing, approving, and voiding documents. For example, a junior purchasing officer can prepare purchase orders (`po.create`), but only an authorized controller can release payment approvals (`payment.approve`).
* **High-Risk Action Gates:** Critical operations—including fiscal year closing, journal entry reversals, bank account modifications, and VAT return finalization—require elevated administrative privileges with mandatory dual-authorization.

---

## 3. Tamper-Evident, Immutable Audit Logging (`audit_log`)

Every create, update, approval, and void action across the entire ERP platform is permanently recorded in an immutable audit ledger:
* **Audit Metadata Captured:**
  * Exact UTC timestamp with microsecond precision.
  * User identity (User ID, full name, registered email address).
  * Originating IP address and user agent.
  * Target entity name, document number, and primary identifier.
  * Operational event (`INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, `APPROVE`, `VOID`).
* **Field-Level JSONB State Diffs:** The audit log stores complete `before` and `after` snapshots for every modified record, pinpointing exact line-item changes, price adjustments, credit limit overrides, and bank account updates.
* **Immutable Storage:** Audit logs are write-once, append-only records that cannot be modified, edited, or truncated by standard application users or tenant administrators. This provides an indisputable chain of custody for external financial auditors, statutory tax reviews, and internal compliance investigations.

---

## 4. Comprehensive Encryption & Data Protection

* **Data in Transit:** All traffic between clients, APIs, and microservices is strictly encrypted using TLS 1.3 with modern cipher suites. Insecure HTTP traffic is automatically upgraded.
* **Data at Rest:** All operational databases, document repositories, and attachment stores (PDF invoices, scanned contracts, receipts) are encrypted at rest using industry-standard AES-256 encryption.
* **Automated Disaster Recovery (PITR):** Continuous transaction write-ahead log (WAL) archiving enables Point-in-Time Recovery to any historical minute. Automated nightly offsite snapshots and scheduled weekly restore verification drills ensure business continuity.